Biology:Eutropis multifasciata
| Eutropis multifasciata | |
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| In Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Genus: | Eutropis |
| Species: | E. multifasciata
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| Binomial name | |
| Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Eutropis multifasciata, commonly known as the East Indian brown mabuya, many-lined sun skink, many-striped skink, common sun skink or (ambiguously) as golden skink, is a species of skink.
Description
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- See Snake scales for terminology
Snout moderate, obtuse. Lower eyelid scaly. Nostril behind vertical of the suture between rostral and first labial; a postnasal; anterior loreal not deeper than the second, in contact with the first labial; supranasals frequently in contact behind rostral; frontonasal broader than long; prefrontals constantly forming a median suture; frontal as long as or shorter than the frontoparietals and interparietal together, in contact with the second (rarely also with the first) supraocular: 4 supraoculars, second largest; 6 supraciliaries, first largest; fronto-parietals distinct, larger than the interparietal, which entirely separates the parietals; a pair of nuchals, 4 labials anterior to the subocular, which is large and not narrower below. Ear-opening roundish or oval, as large as a lateral scale, or a little smaller, with or without a few very small lobules anteriorly. Dorsal scales more or less distinctly tri-(rarely quinque-) carinate: nuchals and laterals usually very feebly keeled, sometimes smooth; 30 to 34 scales round the middle of the body, subequal or dorsals largest. The hind limb reaches the wrist or the elbow of the adpressed fore limb. Subdigital lamellae smooth. Scales on upper surface of tibia mostly tricarinate. Tail 1.3 to 1.6 times length of head and body. Brown or olive above ; some specimens uniform, or with a large whitish (red) patch on each side; back frequently with small black spots, sometimes confluent into longitudinal lines; sides frequently dark brown, with whitish, black-edged ocelli; a well-defined light dorso-lateral band seldom present; lower surfaces yellowish or greenish white.[3]
Invasive species
Taiwan
Eutropis multifasciata was first observed in Taiwan in 1992, in the southern Kaohsiung area.[4] It has since spread northward and established populations in the central-western and south-western lowlands.[5] The species has successfully adapted to Taiwan's agricultural areas, open forests, and human-disturbed areas.[5] It's high fecundity (reproductive ability) has enabled it to compete with other species for resources.[6] This is likely the cause of the decline in the populations of indigenous lizard species that occupy the same habitats as Eutropis multifasciata.[6] Since this species has a poor cold tolerance, its elevational distribution in Taiwan is restricted below 500 meters.[7] However, it is expected that in response to rising temperatures associated with climate change, this species will benefit from increased maximum activity time.[5] As a result, distribution of this species is expected to expand from lowland areas to higher elevations, especially if the landscape becomes more open.[5]
Distribution
- Bangladesh
- Cambodia
- China (Hainan, Yunnan)
- India (Assam)
- Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali)
- Laos
- Japan (Ryukyu Islands, mostly Okinawa, Miyako and Yaeyama)
- Malaysia (Peninsular, Pulau Tioman, Johor: Pulau Besar, Pulau Sibu, Langkawi)
- Myanmar (a.k.a. Burma)
- New Guinea
- Philippines (Negros, Panay, Palawan: Calamian Islands, Luzon)
- Singapore
- Taiwan
- Thailand (incl. Phuket)
- Vietnam (incl. Phu Quoc)
- Pakistan
References
- ↑ Shea, G.; Allison, A.; Tallowin, O.; McGuire, J.; Iskandar, D.; Cai, B.; Wang, Y.; Yang, J. et al. (2018). "Eutropis multifasciata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T195295A2376842. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T195295A2376842.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/195295/2376842. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ↑ "Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820)". The Reptile Database; reptarium.cz. http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Eutropis&species=multifasciata.
- ↑ Boulenger, G. A. (1890). "Reptilia and Batrachia". Fauna of British India. https://archive.org/details/TheFaunaOfBritishIndiaReptiliaAndBatrachia.
- ↑ Ota, H.; Chang, H.W.; Liu, K.C.; Hikida, T. (1994). "A new record of the viviparous skink, Mabuya multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820) (Squamata: Reptilia), from Taiwan". Zool. Stud. 33: 86–89.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Chen, T.Y.; Richard, R.; Lin, T.E.; Huang, S.P. (2021). "Landscape forest impacts the potential activity time of an invasive lizard and its possibilities for range expansion in Taiwan under climate warming". J. Therm. Biol. 98: 102948. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102948. PMID 34016365.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lee, K.H.; Chen, T.H.; Shang, G.; Clulow, S.; Yang, Y.J.; Lin, S.M. (2019). "A check list and population trends of invasive amphibians and reptiles in Taiwan". ZooKeys (829): 85–130. doi:10.3897/zookeys.829.27535. PMID 30914838.
- ↑ Lin, T.E.; Chen, T.Y.; Wei, H.L.; Richard, R.; Huang, S.P. (2019). "Low cold tolerance of the invasive lizard Eutropis multifasciata constrains its potential elevation distribution in Taiwan". J. Therm. Biol. 82: 115–122. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.03.015. PMID 31128639.
- Annandale, Nelson (1905). "Contributions to Oriental Herpetology. Suppl. III. Notes on the Oriental lizards in the Indian Museum, with a list of the species recorded from British India and Ceylon". J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2 (1): 139–151.
- Gray, J. E. (1853). "Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker in the Khassia Mountains, East Bengal, and Sikkim Himalaya.". Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 (12): 386–392. doi:10.1080/00222936808695825. https://zenodo.org/record/2150394.
- Kuhl, H. (1820). Kuhl, H.. ed. "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Amphibien" (in de). Beiträge zur Zoologie und Vergleichenden Anatomie (Frankfurt a.M.: Hermannsche Buchhandlung): 75–132.
- Mausfeld, P.; Vences, M.; Schmitz, A.; Veith, M. (2000). "First data on the molecular phylogeography of scincid lizards of the genus Mabuya". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 17 (1): 11–14. doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0809. PMID 11020300.
- Mausfeld, Patrick; Schmitz, Andreas (2003). "Molecular phylogeography, intraspecific variation and speciation of the Asian scincid lizard genus Eutropis Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Reptilia: Scincidae): taxonomic and biogeographic implications". Org. Divers. Evol. 3: 161–171. doi:10.1078/1439-6092-00068.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q581692 entry
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