Biology:Farrowia
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| Genus: | Farrowia D. Hawksw.
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Farrowia is a genus of fungi within the Chaetomiaceae family.[1]
Taxonomy
In 1975, Hawksworth suggested a novel genus for F. seminuda, F. longicola, and F. malaysiensis.[2] These species were distinguished from other Chaetomium species by their long-necked ascomata and production of anamorphs similar to Botryotrichum.[2] However, this categorization has been controversial since its inception.[3][4][5] In 2001, a molecular phylogenetic study using rRNA sequence data did not support the separation of Farrowia and Chaetomium.[6]
Widden, in 1986, suggested that Farrowia seminuda and Botryotrichum piluliferum are the teleomorph and anamorph of the same organism based on their preference for coniferous soils and visual indistinguishability.[7]
Description
Perithecia are subglobose (imperfectly spherical), with straight, unbranched lateral and terminal hairs.[2] The terminal hairs fuse to form a neck-like structure, potentially rudimentary.[2] Pedestal-like rhizoidal bases are usually present. Farrowia forms asci which are clavate (club-shaped) and deliquesce before ascospores mature.[2] The ascospores are lemoniform (lemon-shaped), biapiculate, and are not ornamented.[2] F. malaysiensiensis is reported having a longer neck than the other two species in this genus.[3][8]
In media cultures, reddish brown pigments are produced only in the presence of contaminants.[2]
Ecology
Species are widespread across tropical and temperate areas.[7][8] It is most commonly found in soil, although F. longicola has been found in leaf litter[5] and freshwater.[8]
Chemistry and Research
Novel interleukin inhibitors were isolated from Farrowia broths in 2003.[9] These compounds were named EI-1941-1 and EI-1941-2. The enzymes they specifically inhibit are elastase and cathepsin B.[9] EI-1941-2 is degraded by the presence of cysteine, but EI-1941-1 is not.[9] Further study of these ICE inhibitors could lead to new synthetic anti-inflammatory agents.
References
- ↑ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet (Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany) 13: 1–58. http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 L., Hawksworth, David (1975). Farrowia, a new genus in the Chaetomiceae. OCLC 917990688. http://worldcat.org/oclc/917990688.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Arx, J. A. von (1986). The Ascomycete genus Chaetomium. J. Guarro, M. J. Figueras. Berlin: J. Cramer. ISBN 3-443-51005-1. OCLC 13739987. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13739987.
- ↑ Decock, C.; Hennebert, G. L. (1997-03-01). "A new species of Chaetomium from Ecuador" (in en). Mycological Research 101 (3): 309–310. doi:10.1017/S0953756296002456. ISSN 0953-7562. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953756208607364.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Castañeda Ruiz RF, Iturriaga T, Minter DW, Saikawa M, Vidal G, Velázquez-Noa S. 2003. Microfungi from Venezuela. A new species of Brachydesmiella, a new combination, and new records. Mycotaxon. 85: 211-229.
- ↑ Untereiner, Wendy A; Débois, Valérie; Naveau, Françoise A (2001-03-01). "Molecular systematics of the ascomycete genus Farrowia (Chaetomiaceae)". Canadian Journal of Botany 79 (3): 321–333. doi:10.1139/b01-009. ISSN 0008-4026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-009.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Widden, Paul (1986-07-01). "Microfungal community structure from forest soils in southern Quebec, using discriminant function and factor analysis" (in en). Canadian Journal of Botany 64 (7): 1402–1412. doi:10.1139/b86-192. ISSN 0008-4026. http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/b86-192.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Barbosa, Flavia R.; Raja, Huzefa A.; Shearer, Carol A.; Gusmão, Luis F. P. (2012-06-07). "Três espécies de Chaetomium (Chaetomiaceae – Ascomycota) da região semiárida do Brasil" (in pt). SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 12 (1): 115–118. doi:10.13102/scb111. ISSN 2238-4103. http://periodicos.uefs.br/index.php/sitientibusBiologia/article/view/111.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Koizumi, Fumito; Matsuda, Yuzuru; Nakanishi, Satoshi (2003). "EI-1941-1 and -2, Novel Interleukin-1.BETA. Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Produced by Farrowia sp. E-1941: I. Biochemical Characterization of EI-1941-1 and -2" (in en). The Journal of Antibiotics 56 (5): 464–469. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.464. ISSN 0021-8820. http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.Journalarchive/antibiotics1968/56.464?from=CrossRef.
Wikidata ☰ Q5436345 entry
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