Biology:Fasolasuchus

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Fasolasuchus is an extinct genus of loricatan. Fossils have been found in the Los Colorados Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina that date back to the Norian stage of the Late Triassic, making it one of the last rauisuchians (an informal grouping of large carnivourous archosaurs) to have existed before rauisuchians became extinct at the end of the Triassic.[1][2]

It is known from two individuals of different sizes, found very close to each other, these represent partial cranial and postcranial remains.[1]

Description

Fasolasuchus is likely the largest known "rauisuchian", with an estimated length of 8 m (26 ft)[3] to 10 m (33 ft).[4][5] This would make Fasolasuchus the largest terrestrial predator to have ever existed save for large theropods, surpassing the Cenozoic Barinasuchus, the rauisuchian counterpart Saurosuchus at 7 metres (23 ft), and many medium-sized theropods as large as Ceratosaurus.[6][7][8] It had two rows of osteoderms along its back, these were likely in a one-to-one ratio with the vertebrae, but like Saurosuchus, it had only a single row on the tail, unusual among rauisuchians.[4][9] It also had a hyposphene-hypantrum articulation that gave the vertebral column extra rigidity. This feature is also seen in several other rauisuchians such as Postosuchus as well as saurischian dinosaurs.[10][11]

In the smaller individual (the holotype) the femur is 70 cm in length, double that of the fibula (35 cm).

Paleobiology

A model of Fasolasuchus at Talampaya National Park

A study on bone microstructure determined that Fasolasuchus had a relatively fast growth rate, similar to most other rauisuchians, with the exception of Prestosuchus. The same study also determined that the specimen was somatically and skeletally mature, but it wasn't possible to determine sexual maturity: this may be due to taphonomic causes, however the bone cortex was mostly preserved and didn't show the changes in bone matrix or in vascularization that would be expected if the specimen was sexually mature. Alternatively, Fasolasuchus attained sexual maturity contemporaneously to or slightly later than somatic and skeletal maturity (although this growth pattern is today only found in birds, not crocodilians), or there were differences in the timing of maturity of different bones in the same individual, as reported in the tuatara and in some dinosaurs.[7]

Phylogeny

Cladogram after the analysis of Nesbitt (2011):[12]

Paracrocodylomorpha
 

Poposauroidea

 
Loricata
 

Prestosuchus

 
 
 

Saurosuchus

 
 
 

Batrachotomus

 
 
 

Fasolasuchus

 
 
 

Rauisuchidae

 
 

Crocodylomorpha

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bonaparte, J. F. (1981). "Description de "Fasolasuchus tenax" y su significado en la sistemarica y evolucion de los thecodontia" (in es). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" 3: 55–101. 
  2. ↑ Bonaparte, José F. (March 1984). "Locomotion in rauisuchid thecodonts" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3 (4): 210–218. doi:10.1080/02724634.1984.10011976. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 1984JVPal...3..210B. 
  3. ↑ Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Desojo, Julia B.; Liparini, Alexandre; De França, Marco A. G.; Weinbaum, Jonathan C.; Gower, David J. (24 January 2013). "Rauisuchia" (in en). Geological Society, London, Special Publications 379 (1): 241–274. doi:10.1144/SP379.1. ISSN 0305-8719. Bibcode: 2013GSLSP.379..241N. https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/SP379.1. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nesbitt, Sterling J. (2011). "The Early Evolution of Archosaurs: Relationships and the Origin of Major Clades". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 352: 1–292. doi:10.1206/352.1. 
  5. ↑ Anatomy, Phylogeny and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin. Geological Society. 2013. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-86239-361-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=TN_KBP3vxg4C. Retrieved 14 September 2022. 
  6. ↑ Molnar, Ralph E.; Vasconcellos, Felipe Mesquita de (2016-07-30). "Cenozoic dinosaurs in South America – revisited" (in English). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 363–377. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.25. https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-74-2016/pages-363-377/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ponce, Denis A.; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Desojo, Julia B. (2023-07-31). "Palaeobiological inferences of "rauisuchians" Fasolasuchus tenax (Los Colorados Fm., Argentina) and Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Santa Maria Super sequence, Brazil) from the Middle-Upper Triassic of South America based on microstructural analyses". Journal of Anatomy 243 (6): 893–909. doi:10.1111/joa.13937. ISSN 1469-7580. PMID 37519277. 
  8. ↑ Fawcett, Molly J.; Lautenschlager, Stephan; Bestwick, Jordan; Butler, Richard J. (2023-08-16). "Functional morphology of the Triassic apex predator Saurosuchus galilei (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) and convergence with a post-Triassic theropod dinosaur" (in en). The Anatomical Record 307 (3): 549–565. doi:10.1002/ar.25299. ISSN 1932-8486. PMID 37584310. 
  9. ↑ Sulej, Tomasz (11 March 2005). "A new rauisuchian reptile (diapsida: archosauria) from the Late Triassic of Poland" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (1): 78–86. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0078:ANRRDA2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0272-4634. 
  10. ↑ Weinbaum, Jonathan C.; Hungerbüler, Axel (June 2007). "A revision of Poposaurus gracilis (Archosauria: Suchia) based on two new specimens from the Late Triassic of the southwestern U.S.A." (in en). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 81 (2): 131–145. doi:10.1007/BF02988388. ISSN 0031-0220. Bibcode: 2007PalZ...81..131W. 
  11. ↑ Apesteguia, Sebastian (2005). "Evolution of the hyposphene-hypantrum complex within Sauropoda". in Tidwell, Virginia. Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 248–267. ISBN 9780253345424. https://books.google.com/books?id=bMnKDusJuYUC&pg=PA248. 
  12. ↑ Nesbitt, Sterling J. (2011). "The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 352: 1–292. doi:10.1206/352.1. 

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