Biology:Flatidae

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Short description: Family of planthoppers

Flatidae
Flatid leaf bugs and nymphs (Phromnia rosea).jpg
adult bugs and nymphs (Flatida rosea)
Ankarana Reserve, Madagascar
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Superfamily: Fulgoroidea
Family: Flatidae
Subfamilies
Flatid nymph from Assam, India
Ormenoides venusta nymph

File:Flatidae-walking.ogg

Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some species are known to communicate with vibrations through the plant stems.[1] Communication may be with mates, or with ants that tend the nymphs, protecting them and gathering honeydew secretions.[2] Adults of some species have brightly coloured forewings which are tougher and known as tegmina unlike the membranous hindwings which are used for flight. Although a few can be identified by their coloration, most species requires dissection and examination under a microscope with access to literature on already described species.[3]

There are two subfamilies within the family. In the subfamily Flatinae, the body of adults is flattened laterally and the tegmina are tent-like. In the Flatoidinae, the body is not laterally compressed and the tegmina are not as tent-like and sometimes held horizontally. The wing venation is distinctive in that the veins in the anal region are nodose, and the costal area has numerous cross veins.[4] The antennae are small and the first segment is collar-like and small. The second segment is longer and ends in a bulge and a flagellum arises from it. They have two ocelli. Nymphs have a tail of waxy filaments.

Subfamilies and genera

Genera within the family Flatidae include:[5][6]

Flatinae

Auth.: Spinola, 1839; selected genera:

tribe Ceryniini Distant, 1906
tribe Flatini Spinola, 1839
  • subtribe Flatina Spinola, 1839
  • subtribe Lawanina Melichar, 1923
  • subtribe Phyllyphantina Melichar, 1923
    • Paracromna Melichar, 1901
    • Phyllyphanta Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
  • subtribe Scarpantina Melichar, 1923
  • subtribe Siphantina Melichar, 1923
tribe Nephesini Distant, 1906
  • subtribe Cryptoflatina Melichar, 1923
  • subtribe Nephesina Distant, 1906
    • Neomelicharia Kirkaldy, 1903
    • Nephesa Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
  • subtribe Phaedolina Melichar, 1923
    • Phaedolus Karsch, 1890
  • subtribe Pseudoflatina Melichar, 1923
    • Caesonia Stål, 1866
    • Colgar Kirkaldy, 1900
    • Colgaroides Distant, 1910 - Planthoppers
    • Dalapax Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
    • Gyaria Stål, 1862
    • Gyariella Schmidt, 1924
    • Pauliana Lallemand, 1950
    • Rhinophantia Melichar, 1901
tribe Phantiini Melichar, 1923
tribe Phromniini Distant, 1906
tribe Poekillopterini Kirkaldy, 1907
tribe Selizini Distant, 1906
tribe Sisciini Melichar, 1923
  • Siscia Stål, 1870


Flatoidinae

Auth.: Melichar, 1901

  • Atracis Stål, 1866
  • Atracodes Melichar, 1902
  • Bochara Distant, 1906
  • Cerfennia Stål, 1870
  • Cisatra Melichar, 1923
  • Dendrona Melichar, 1923
  • Flataloides Metcalf, 1938
  • Flatarina Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
  • Flatarissa Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
  • Flatoides Guérin-Ménéville, 1844
  • Flatoidessa Melichar, 1923
  • Flatoidinus Melichar, 1923
  • Flatosaria Melichar, 1923
  • Franciscus Distant, 1910
  • Gaja Distant, 1906
  • Lichena Melichar, 1901
  • Lichenopsis Schmidt, 1912
  • Melichitona Metcalf, 1952
  • Paraflatoides Melichar, 1923
  • Phalaenomorpha Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
  • Porophloeus Melichar, 1902
  • Pseudoflatoides Metcalf, 1938
  • Uxantis Stål, 1870
  • Uysanus Distant, 1908


incertae sedis

  • Afrexoma Fennah, 1976
  • Afrophantia Fennah, 1958
  • Afrormenis Fennah, 1958
  • Amasha Medler, 1992
  • Anatracis Fennah, 1958
  • Anzora Medler, 1986
  • Bahuflata Dlabola, 1979
  • Betracis Medler, 1988
  • Boretsis Medler, 1996
  • Brysora Medler, 2000
  • Budginmaya Fletcher & Moir, 2009
  • Catracis Medler, 1988
  • Comnar Medler, 1988
  • Cromgar Medler, 2000
  • Cromnella Fennah, 1969
  • Cryomna Medler, 2000
  • Cyclopterum Gnezdilov & O'Brien, 2014
  • Demina Medler, 2000
  • Desanta Medler, 2000
  • Diastracis Medler, 1988
  • Dixamflata Stroinski, Malenovský & Swierczewski, 2016
  • Dworena Medler, 1986
  • Erotana Medler, 2000
  • Eugyaria Synave, 1962
  • Falcophantis Fletcher, 1988
  • Garanta Medler, 2000
  • Humgar Medler, 2001
  • Ijagar Medler, 2000
  • Insulume Medler, 1999
  • Karrama Medler, 1988
  • Kesaflata Stroinski, Malenovsky & Swierczewski, 2016
  • Kirkamflata Swierczewski, Malenovsky & Stroinski, 2014
  • Lasura Medler, 1992
  • Lemaria Medler, 1988
  • Madoxychara Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013
  • Malleja Medler, 1990
  • Menora Medler, 1999
  • Metcracis Medler, 1993
  • Miniscia Medler, 1991
  • Narowalenus Shakila, 1991
  • Neocalauria Synave, 1957
  • Neomistaria Yang & Chen, 2015
  • Neosephena Medler, 2000
  • Neovariata Shakila, 1984
  • Ortracis Medler, 1996
  • Paracalauria Synave, 1962
  • Parasiphanta Fletcher, 1988
  • Perinetella Synave, 1956
  • Persepolia Dlabola & Safavi, 1972
  • Peyrierasus Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013
  • Phaiophantia Lindberg, 1958
  • Planata Medler, 1999
  • Riodeorolix Lindberg, 1956
  • Safroka Medler, 2001
  • Samcerus Medler, 1993
  • Saurana Medler, 1992
  • Scarpuna Medler, 2006
  • Shadaka Medler, 2000
  • Soares Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2012
  • Sogalabana Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2014
  • Sosephena Medler, 1990
  • Staliana Medler, 1988
  • Stenume Medler, 1999
  • Talopsus Medler, 1989
  • Taparella Medler, 1989
  • Tisia Dlabola, 1981
  • Tormenis Medler, 1999
  • Trisephena Medler, 1990
  • Umidena Medler, 1992
  • Walena Medler, 1999


References

  1. ↑ Virant-Doberlet, Meta; Žežlina, Ivan (2007). "Vibrational Communication of Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae)". Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 100 (1): 73–82. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[73:VCOMPH2.0.CO;2]. https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-pdf/100/1/73/19399130/aesa100-0073.pdf. 
  2. ↑ Pfeiffer, Martin; Linsenmair,K.E. (2007). "Trophobiosis in a tropical rainforest on Borneo: giant ants Camponotus gigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) herd wax cicadas Bythopsyrna circulata (Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae)". Asian Myrmecology 1: 105–119. https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/AM/article/download/780/502. 
  3. ↑ Stephen W. Wilson (2005). "Keys to the families of Fulgoromorpha with emphasis on planthoppers of potential economic importance in the Southeastern United States (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)". Florida Entomologist 88 (4): 464–481. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[464:kttfof2.0.co;2]. 
  4. ↑ F. Muir (1923). "On the classification of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera)". Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 5 (2): 205–247. http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/15708/1/PHES05_205-247.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Bourgoin Th. (2013) Hemiptera Database - FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8.
  6. ↑ BioLib.cz: family Flatidae Spinola, 1839 (retrieved 29 August 2020)
  7. ↑ "The insects killing Fraser Island's pandanus population". 26 January 2017. https://www.qt.com.au/news/the-insects-killing-fraser-islands-pandanus-popula/3135986/. 
  8. ↑ Coghill, Jon (29 October 2015). "Rangers turn to tiny native wasp to save Fraser Island's iconic pandanus population". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-29/fraser-island-wasp-saving-pandanus-trees/6895454. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q2313525 entry



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