Biology:Fritillaria affinis
| Fritillaria affinis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lilioideae |
| Tribe: | Lilieae |
| Genus: | Fritillaria |
| Species: | F. affinis
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| Binomial name | |
| Fritillaria affinis (Schult. & Schult.f.) Sealy
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Fritillaria affinis, the chocolate lily, is a highly variable species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae native to western North America.
Description
It grows from a bulb, which resembles a small mass of rice grains. The stems are 10–120 centimetres (4–47 inches) tall. The flowers are produced in the spring, nodding, 1–4 cm (1⁄2–1 1⁄2 in), yellowish or greenish brown with a lot of yellow mottling to purplish black with little mottling, or yellow-green mottled with purple. The leaves are in whorls.[2]
There are two varieties:
- Fritillaria affinis var. affinis: This is the more common and widespread variant, occurring throughout the plant's range. It can be differentiated by its strong mottling pattern. Its bulb has 2 to 20 small scales.
- Fritillaria affinis var. tristulis: This variant is much less widespread; it is found only in Marin County on the north coast of California. It has a much more subtle mottling pattern and is generally darker overall. Its bulb has 60 to 100 small scales.[3]
Plant habit
Leaves and stem
Flower
Flower underside
Dark flower
Distribution and habitat
It can be found in California , Klamath Ranges, the north coast ranges, Cascade Ranges, north Sierra Nevada foothills, and the San Francisco Bay Area, north to British Columbia, Oregon, Washington (state) , Montana and Idaho.[4]
Its habitat includes oak or pine scrub or open woods and thickets near the coast. It prefers low to mid-elevation, shade or part shade, dry summer dormancy, and good drainage.
Uses
The roots or bulbs can be eaten raw or cooked.[5] Historically, the bulbs of this plant were eaten steamed by Salish Native American peoples, including the Squamish, Sechelt, Halq'emeylem and Straits Salish.[6]
See also
- List of plants known as lily
References
- ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, synonyms for Fritillaria affinis var. affinis
- ↑ Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2002. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Flora of North America 26: i–xxvi, 1–723.
- ↑ "North American Fritillarias". 29 June 2016. https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/NorthAmericanFritillarias. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Fritillaria affinis
- ↑ Benoliel, Doug (2011). Northwest Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest (Rev. and updated ed.). Seattle, WA: Skipstone. pp. 65. ISBN 978-1-59485-366-1. OCLC 668195076. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/668195076.
- ↑ Pojar, Jim; MacKinnon, Andy (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska. Vancouver, BC: Lone Pine Publishing. p. 110. ISBN 1-55105-040-4.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fritillaria affinis. |
- Treatment from the Jepson Manual
- Harlow, Nora, Jakob, Kristin, and Raiche, Roger (2003) Wild Lilies, Irises, and Grasses. University of California Press. ISBN:0-520-23849-4.
- CalFlora Taxon Report
Wikidata ☰ Q1552888 entry
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