Biology:Geophilus

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Short description: Genus of centipedes

Geophilus
Soil Centipede (22520553902).jpg
Geophilus sp.
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Order: Geophilomorpha
Family: Geophilidae
Genus: Geophilus
Leach, 1814

Geophilus is a large, heterogeneous genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae[1][2] largely considered to be synonymous with Brachygeophilus.[3] It is a mostly holarctic genus characterized by a claw-shaped ultimate pretarsus, anterior porefields, complete or nearly complete coxo-pleural sutures at the prosternum, and incomplete chitin-lines.[4] The generic name first appeared in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia in 1814 as Geophilus electricus.[5]

Centipedes in this genus range from about 1 cm to about 8 cm in length.[6] Several species in this genus are notable for their small sizes, including G. minimus (measuring 9.5 mm in length),[7] G. pinivagus (10 mm),[7] G. richardi (10 mm),[8] G. pusillus (11 mm),[7] and G. piae (11 mm).[9] Other species are notable for their large sizes, including G. procerus (measuring 72 mm in length)[7] and G. piedus (75 mm).[10]

Although centipedes in this genus can have as many as 89 pairs of legs (in G. caucasicus,[11] with 57 to 89 leg pairs[12]), most species in this genus have a much smaller number of legs.[2] For example, two species in this genus include centipedes with only 29 leg pairs, the lowest number recorded in the family Geophilidae: G. persephones (29 in the only specimen, a male) and G. richardi (29 or 31 in males and 33 in females).[13] Several other species in this genus are known from specimens with notably few leg pairs in each sex, including G. ribauti (as few as 31 in males and 33 in females),[14] G. hadesi (33 in both sexes),[8] G. piae (as few as 35 in males and 37 in females),[15] G. bipartitus (35 in males and 39 in females),[16] and G. oligopus (37 or 39 in both sexes).[17]

Species

This genus is the largest in the family Geophilidae, with about 140 species:[6][1][3]



References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 ITIS
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bonato, Lucio; Zapparoli, Marzio; Drago, Leandro; Minelli, Alessandro (2016). "An unusually elongate endogeic centipede from Sardinia (Chilopoda: Geophilidae)". European Journal of Taxonomy (231): 1–19. doi:10.5852/EJT.2016.231. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Geophilus Leach, 1814". https://chilobase.biologia.unipd.it/searches/result_genres/325. 
  4. ↑ Crabill, Ralph E. (1954). "A conspectus of the northeastern North American species of Geophilus (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 56: 172–188. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16179236. Retrieved 24 October 2021. 
  5. ↑ Brewster, David (1814). "Crustaceology". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia 7 (2): 409. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.30911. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37187666. Retrieved 16 December 2021. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bonato, Lucio; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Zapparoli, Marzio (2011). "Chilopoda – Taxonomic overview". in Minelli, Alessandro. The Myriapoda. Volume 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 363–443 [414]. ISBN 978-90-04-18826-6. OCLC 812207443. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/812207443. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Attems, Carl (1929) (in de). Lfg. 52 Myriapoda, 1: Geophilomorpha. De Gruyter. pp. 200, 325, 355. doi:10.1515/9783111430638. ISBN 978-3-11-143063-8. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111430638/html. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Stoev, Pavel; Akkari, Nesrine; Komericki, Ana; Edgecombe, Gregory; Bonato, Lucio (2015-06-30). "At the end of the rope: Geophilus hadesi sp. n. – the world's deepest cave-dwelling centipede (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae)" (in en). ZooKeys (510): 95–114. doi:10.3897/zookeys.510.9614. PMID 26257537. PMC 4523767. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/5527/. 
  9. ↑ Bonato, Lucio; Minelli, Alessandro; Drago, Leandro; Pereira, Luis Alberto (2015-09-25). "The phylogenetic position of Dinogeophilus and a new evolutionary framework for the smallest epimorphic centipedes (Chilopoda: Epimorpha)". Contributions to Zoology 84 (3): 237–253 [249]. doi:10.1163/18759866-08403004. ISSN 1875-9866. https://brill.com/view/journals/ctoz/84/3/article-p237_4.xml. 
  10. ↑ Chamberlin, Ralph V. (1930). "On some centipeds and millipeds from Utah and Arizona". Pan-Pacific Entomologist 6 (3): 111-121 [114]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53390223#page/142/mode/1up. 
  11. ↑ Bonato, L.; Chagas Junior, A.; Edgecombe, G.D.; Lewis, J.G.E.; Minelli, A.; Pereira, L.A.; Shelley, R.M.; Stoev, P. et al. (2016). "Geophilus caucasicus Sseliwanoff, 1884". https://chilobase.biologia.unipd.it/searches/result_species/3177. 
  12. ↑ Bonato, Lucio; Iorio, Étienne; Minelli, Alessandro (2011). "The centipede genus Clinopodes C. L. Koch, 1847 (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae): reassessment of species diversity and distribution, with a new species from the Maritime Alps (France)" (in en). Zoosystema 33 (2): 175–205 [184]. doi:10.5252/z2011n2a3. ISSN 1280-9551. https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/z2011n2a3_0.pdf. 
  13. ↑ Pereira, Luis Alberto (2013-01-01). "Discovery of a second geophilomorph species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) having twenty-seven leg-bearing segments, the lowest number recorded up to the present in the centipede order Geophilomorpha" (in en). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 53 (13): 163–185. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492013001300001. https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/78856. 
  14. ↑ Iorio, Etienne; Labroche, Aurélien (2015). "Les chilopodes (Chilopoda) de la moitié nord de la France: toutes les bases pour débuter l'étude de ce groupe et identifier facilement les espèces" (in French). Invertébrés Armoricains 13: 1–108 [65]. https://www.biodiversite-auvergne-rhone-alpes.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IORIO__LABROCHE_2015_Chilopoda_Northern_France_low_res.pdf. 
  15. ↑ Minelli, Alessandro (1982). "On Sardinian centipedes (Chilopoda)" (in en). Bolletino di Zoologia 49 (1–2): 1–16. doi:10.1080/11250008209439365. 
  16. ↑ Takakuwa, Yosioki (1937). "The Geophilus-species of Japan" (in Japanese). Zoological Magazine, Tokyo 49 (8): 282–286. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/10834429?itemId=info%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F10834429&__lang=ja. Retrieved 1 February 2022. 
  17. ↑ Stojanović, Dalibor Z.; Mitić, Bojan M.; Gedged, Amna M.; Antić, Dragan Ž; Makarov, Slobodan E. (2019-08-23). "Geophilus serbicus sp. nov., a new species from the Balkan Peninsula (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae)" (in en). Zootaxa 4658 (3): 556–570 [561]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4658.3.7. ISSN 1175-5334. https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4658.3.7. 

Wikidata ☰ Q4039347 entry



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