Biology:Gerronema
| Gerronema | |
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| Gerronema strombodes | |
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| Genus: | Gerronema Singer (1951)
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| Type species | |
| Gerronema melanomphax Singer (1951)
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Gerronema is a genus of small- to medium-sized lignicolous agarics with white, nonamyloid, spores and decurrent gills.[1][2][3] The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist Rolf Singer in 1951.[4]
Description
Typically the cap of the fruit bodies have a shallow to deep central depression, giving the umbrella-like to funnel-shaped caps the appearance of a belly button, or a belly with a navel. Similarly shaped agarics are said to be omphalinoid in appearance in reference to a morphologically similar genus, Omphalina. Gerronema differ from Omphalina by the absence of incrusting or intraparietal pigments typical of Omphalina, the occasional occurrence of bright colors, such as yellow or green absent in Omphalina, by the restriction to decay of wood, and by the tough tissues composed of sarcodimitic hyphae.
Phylogeny
Gerronema belongs to the informal “hydropoid” clade, together with Hydropus, Megacollybia and Clitocybula.[5] In a phylogenetic study of Clitocybulas, the hydropoid clade was found to contain 8 genera.[6] In 2019, the hydropoid clade was moved to Porotheleaceae, removing Gerronema from Marasmiaceae. The same study also recognized Gerronema as polyphyletic on the basis of previous taxonomic studies and divided it into seven clades, designated as Gerronema 1 to Gerronema 7.[7]
Distribution
The species have a primarily tropical distribution, but also occur in Europe and eastern North America where they fruit during hot muggy, summer weather. One of the most common species in the eastern United States is Gerronema strombodes [1][2][3].
Species
(As of June 2015), Index Fungorum lists 55 species in Gerronema:[8] and a new combination was published in 2019.[6]
- G. aconquijense
- G. albidum
- G. albogriseolum
- G. alutaceum
- G. amabile
- G. atrialba
- G. baishanzuense[9]
- G. bethlehemicum
- G. brunneum
- G. bryogeton
- G. calongei
- G. candidum
- G. chrysocarpum
- G. chrysocraspedum
- G. cinctum
- G. citrinum
- G. collybiomorphum
- G. corticiphilum
- G. costaricense
- G. cyathiforme
- G. daamsii
- G. daguense
- G. farinolens
- G. fibula
- G. flammeum
- G. glutinipes
- G. hungo
- G. incarnatum
- G. infumatum
- G. josserandii
- G. laccarioides
- G. longipes
- G. majus
- G. mariae
- G. microcarpum[9]
- G. melanomphax
- G. moseri
- G. nemorale
- G. nitriolens
- G. oligophyllum
- G. pantoxanthum
- G. pseudomurale
- G. reclinis
- G. sanguineum
- G. schusteri
- G. sericeum
- G. stevensonii
- G. strombodes
- G. subchrysophyllum
- G. subclavatum
- G. suboreades
- G. subsericellum
- G. sucrense
- G. tenue
- G. theophili
- G. umbilicatum
- G. virgineum
- G. viridilucens (bioluminescent)
- G. xanthophyllum
- G. zhujian[9]
See also
References
- ↑ "Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for bryophilous omphalinoid agarics outside of the Agaricales (euagarics)". Mycotaxon 82: 151–168. 2002. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0082/0151.htm.
- ↑ "Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for core omphalinoid genera in the Agaricales (euagarics)". Mycotaxon 83: 19–57. 2002b. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0083/0019.htm.
- ↑ "Omphalina sensu lato in North America. 1-2: 1: Omphalina wynniae and the genus Chrysomphalina. 2: Omphalina sensu Bigelow". Mycotaxon 50: 379–407. 1994. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0050/0379.htm.
- ↑ Singer R. (1951). "New genera of fungi V". Mycologia 43 (5): 598–604. doi:10.2307/3755431. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0082/0151.htm.
- ↑ Moncalvo, Jean-Marc; Vilgalys, Rytas; Redhead, Scott A.; Johnson, James E.; James, Timothy Y.; Catherine Aime, M.; Hofstetter, Valerie; Verduin, Sebastiaan J. W. et al. (June 2002). "One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23 (3): 357–400. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 12099793. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12099793/.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Taxonomic update of Clitocybula sensu lato with a new generic classification". Fungal Biology 123 (6): 431–447. 2019. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2019.03.004. PMID 31126420.
- ↑ Vizzini, Alfredo; Picillo, Bernardo; Perrone, Luigi; Dovana, Francesco (2019). "Chrysomycena perplexa gen. et sp. nov. (Agaricales, Porotheleaceae), una nuova entità dal territorio laziale (Italia)" (in it). Rivista micologica romana. Bollettino dell'Associazione Micologica Ecologica Romana 107: 96–107. ISSN 2704-6206. https://www.ameronlus.it/ojs/index.php/rmr/article/view/50.
- ↑ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 26th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/8a5104f521200bb6db47de78e0c331eb. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Na, Qin; Hu, Yaping; Zeng, Hui; Song, Zhizhong; Ding, Hui; Cheng, Xianhao; Ge, Yupeng (2022-04-29). "Updated taxonomy on Gerronema (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales) with three new taxa and one new record from China". MycoKeys 89: 87–120. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.89.79864. ISSN 1314-4057. PMID 36760827.
External links
- Gerronema (Google Images) [4]
Wikidata ☰ Q3761254 entry
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![[1]](http://www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Fungi/images/Gerronema_strombodes.Lorelei.300x328.jpg.html){kind=link}