Biology:Granola

From HandWiki
Short description: Breakfast, lunch and snack food
Granola
Granola, yogurt, fruit. (16696981528).jpg
A bowl of granola served with yogurt and fruit
TypeCereals
Place of originUnited States
Main ingredientsRolled oats, nuts, seeds, honey or other sweeteners
A bowl of dry, plain granola

Granola is a food consisting of rolled oats, nuts, seeds, honey or other sweeteners such as brown sugar, and sometimes puffed rice, that is usually baked until crisp, toasted and golden brown. The mixture is stirred while baking to avoid burning and to maintain a loose breakfast cereal consistency. Dried fruit, such as raisins and dates, and confections such as chocolate are sometimes added. Granola is often eaten in combination with yogurt, honey, fresh fruit (such as bananas, strawberries or blueberries), milk or other forms of cereal. It also serves as a topping for various pastries, desserts or ice cream. Muesli is similar to granola, except that it is traditionally neither sweetened nor baked.

Granola is sometimes taken when hiking, camping, or backpacking because it is nutritious, lightweight, high in calories, and easy to store (properties that make it similar to trail mix and muesli). Manufacturers also add honey, corn syrup, or maple syrup to it and compress it into granola bars, which make it easy to carry for packed lunches, hiking, or other outdoor activities.

History

An 1893 advertisement for Kellogg's Granola

The names Granula and Granola were registered trademarks in the late 19th century United States for foods consisting of sweetened whole grain products crumbled and then baked until crisp. The name is now a trademark only in Australia and New Zealand, but is still more commonly called muesli there.[1]

Granula was invented in Dansville, New York by Dr. James Caleb Jackson at the Jackson Sanitarium in 1863.[2] The Jackson Sanitarium was a prominent health spa that operated into the early 20th century on the hillside overlooking Dansville. It was also known as Our Home on the Hillside; thus the company formed to sell Jackson's cereal was known as the Our Home Granula Company. Granula was composed of Graham flour and was similar to an oversized form of Grape-Nuts. A similar cereal was developed by John Harvey Kellogg. It too was initially known as Granula, but the name was changed to Granola to avoid legal problems with Jackson.[3]

The food and name were revived in the 1960s, and fruits and nuts were added to it to make it a health food that was popular with the health and nature-oriented hippie movement. Due to this connection, the descriptors "granola" and "crunchy-granola" have entered colloquial use as a way to label people and things associated with the movement.[4]

Another major promoter was Layton Gentry, profiled in Time (magazine) as "Johnny Granola-Seed".[5] In 1964, Gentry sold the rights to a granola recipe using oats, which he claimed to have invented himself, to Sovex Natural Foods for $3,000. The company was founded in 1953 in Holly, Michigan by the Hurlinger family with the main purpose of producing a concentrated paste of brewers yeast and soy sauce known as "Sovex". Earlier in 1964, it had been bought by John Goodbrad and moved to Collegedale, Tennessee. In 1967, Gentry bought back the rights for west of the Rockies for $1,500 and then sold the west coast rights to Wayne Schlotthauer of Lassen Foods in Chico, California, for $18,000.[5] Lassen was founded from a health food bakery run by Schlotthauer's father-in-law.[6]

In 1969, during Woodstock, Lisa Law asked the festival organizers for $3,000 to buy, in New York City , rolled oats, bulgar wheat, wheat germ, dried apricots, currants, almonds, soy sauce, and honey to make muesli. Volunteers fed circa 130,000 people with Dixie cups.[7][8][9][10][11][12]

In 1972, an executive at Pet Milk, St. Louis, Missouri, introduced Heartland Natural Cereal, the first major commercial granola.[6] At almost the same time, the Quaker Oats Company introduced Quaker 100% Natural Granola. Quaker was threatened with legal action by Gentry, and they subsequently changed the name of their product to Harvest Crunch. Within a year, Kellogg's had introduced its "Country Morning" granola cereal and General Mills had introduced its "Nature Valley".[13] In 1974, McKee Baking (later McKee Foods), makers of Little Debbie snack cakes, purchased Sovex. In 1998, the company also acquired the Heartland brand and moved its manufacturing to Collegedale. In 2004, Sovex's name was changed to "Blue Planet Foods".[14][15][16]

Granola bar

A granola bar in West Bengal, India.
Closeup of a granola bar showing the detail of its pressed shape

Granola bars (or muesli bars) have become popular as a snack, similar to the traditional flapjack familiar in the British Isles and Newfoundland. Granola bars consist of granola mixed with honey or other sweetened syrup, pressed and baked into a bar shape, resulting in the production of a more convenient snack. The product is most popular in the United States,[17] Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, parts of southern Europe, Brazil , Israel, South Africa , and Japan .

Matzo granola

Matzo granola is a breakfast food eaten by some Jewish people during the holiday of Passover. It consists of broken up matzo pieces in place of oats. Many variations are possible by adding other ingredients.[18][19][20]

Notes

  1. ↑ Registration 20067 The trademark is owned by the Australian Health & Nutrition Association Ltd.'s Sanitarium Health Food Company in Australia "IP Australia Trademark#32227". http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/atmoss/falcon_details.show_tm_details?p_tm_number=32227&p_detail=DETAILED.  and Australasian Conference Association Limited in New Zealand.
  2. ↑ "The Nibble: Granola Girl. Part 1, the History of Granola". https://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/cereals/granola-girl-cereal.asp#history. 
  3. ↑ Perman, Cindy (2013-01-15) (in en). New York Curiosities, 2nd: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7627-7496-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=aeNoa8C4c8AC&dq=Granola+name+changed+Jackson&pg=PA17. 
  4. ↑ "Crunchy-granola Definition & Meaning". https://www.dictionary.com/browse/crunchy-granola#:~:text=%2F%20%CB%88kr%CA%8Cn%20t%CA%83i%20gr%C9%99%CB%88no%CA%8A%20l%C9%99%20%2F%20PHONETIC,natural%20products%20and%20health%20foods.. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Time 1972
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Klein 1978
  7. ↑ "Lisa Law: Organizing Woodstock". https://americanhistory.si.edu/lisalaw/7.htm. 
  8. ↑ "Flashing back to Woodstock". edition.cnn.com. 2004-08-17. https://edition.cnn.com/2004/US/08/13/twih.woodstock/. 
  9. ↑ Bramen, Lisa. "Woodstock—How to Feed 400,000 Hungry Hippies" (in en). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/woodstockhow-to-feed-400000-hungry-hippies-65740098/. 
  10. ↑ Amlen, Deb (14 August 2019). "'What We Have in Mind Is Breakfast in Bed for 400,000'". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/13/crosswords/daily-puzzle-2019-08-14.html. 
  11. ↑ "The Foodline - Woodstock and Granola". http://www.woodstockpreservation.org/Gallery/TheFoodLine.htm. 
  12. ↑ "Woodstock at 50: Good-for-You Groovy In a Dixie Cup". 16 July 2019. https://www.newberrymagazine.com/home/2019/7/16/woodstock-at-50-good-for-you-groovy-in-a-dixie-cup. 
  13. ↑ Bruce 1995 p. 244
  14. ↑ "Blue Planet Foods, Inc. history". http://www.blueplanetfoods.net/history.htm. 
  15. ↑ Mixson, Jm (Mar 2002). "Heartland History". Journal of the History of Dentistry 50 (1): 35–9. ISSN 1089-6287. PMID 11944502. http://www.heartlandbrands.com/AboutHeartland/History.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-16. 
  16. ↑ "McKee Foods Company History". http://www.mckeefoods.com/About%5Fus/Company%5FHistory/. 
  17. ↑ Wunsch, Nils-Gerrit (Dec 1, 2021). "U.S. dollar sales of private label cereal and granola by segment 2018". https://www.statista.com/statistics/420348/us-dollar-sales-of-private-label-cereal-and-granola-by-segment/. 
  18. ↑ Heilbrun, Michele Streit; Kirschner, David (7 March 2017). Matzo: 35 Recipes for Passover and All Year Long. Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. p. 22. ISBN 9780804189002. https://books.google.com/books?id=nSNcDAAAQBAJ&q=Matzo+granola&pg=PA111. Retrieved 8 October 2020. 
  19. ↑ Modern Jewish Cooking: Recipes & Customs for Today's Kitchen, Leah Koenig, page 24
  20. ↑ Recipe for Passover matzo granola , Boston Globe, 18 April 2016

References

  • Klein, Joe (February 23, 1978). "A Social History of Granola". Rolling Stone (259): 40–44. 
  • Bruce, Scott; Crawford, Bill (1995). Cerealizing America: The Unsweetened Story of American Breakfast Cereal. pp. 8, 21, 243–246. 



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Granola&oldid=3531223"