Biology:Guira tanager
| Guira tanager | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thraupidae |
| Genus: | Hemithraupis |
| Species: | H. guira
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| Binomial name | |
| Hemithraupis guira (Linnaeus, 1766)
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| Synonyms | |
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Motacilla guira (protonym) | |
The guira tanager (Hemithraupis guira) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.
Taxonomy
The guira tanager was formally described in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Motacilla guira.[2] Linnaeus based his description on the "Guira-guaça beraba" that had been described by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in 1648 in his Historia Naturalis Brasiliae.[3] The specific epithet guira is a Guaraní word meaning "bird".[4] The type locality is the state of Pernambuco in eastern Brazil.[5] The guira tanager is now placed in the genus Hemithraupis that was introduced in 1851 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis.[6][7]
Eight subspecies are recognised.[7]
- H. g. nigrigula (Boddaert, 1783) – north-central Colombia, Venezuela (except southeast), the Guianas (except west-central Guyana) and northeast Brazil
- H. g. roraimae (Hellmayr, 1910) – southeast Venezuela and west-central Guyana
- H. g. guirina (Sclater, PL, 1856) – west, central Colombia to northwest Peru
- H. g. huambina Stolzmann, 1926 – southeast Colombia, east Ecuador, northeast Peru and west Brazil
- H. g. boliviana Zimmer, JT, 1947 – east Bolivia and northwest Argentina
- H. g. amazonica Zimmer, JT, 1947 – central Brazil
- H. g. guira (Linnaeus, 1766) – east Brazil
- H. g. fosteri (Sharpe, 1905) – southeast Brazil, Paraguay and northeast Argentina
Description
The guira tanager is a small species measuring 13–14 cm (5.1–5.5 in) in length and weighing around 12 g (0.42 oz) on average. The species is sexually dimorphic. Adult males are more brightly colored, with olive-green upperparts separated from the black face and throat by a bright yellow margin. The greenish to grayish stomach is separated from the throat by the rufous-orange breast. The wing feathers are generally blackish with greenish edges. Females have entirely olive-green upperparts, greenish-yellow underparts, and a whitish stomach.[8]
Distribution and habitat
A South American endemic, the guira tanager is widespread of the continent, being found from Colombia south to Argentina and Paraguay, as well as east to the eastern tip of Brazil. Its range west of the Andes is restricted to north of Peru.[8]
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Hemithraupis guira". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22722272A94758464.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22722272/94758464. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ↑ Linnaeus, Carl (1766) (in Latin). Systema naturae: per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 335. http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946305.
- ↑ Marcgrave, Georg (1648) (in Latin). Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. Liber Quintus: Qui agit de Avibus. Lugdun and Batavorum (London and Leiden): Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium. p. 212. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/289305.
- ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 272. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483507.
- ↑ Cabanis, Jean (1850–1851) (in German, Latin). Museum Heineanum: Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, auf Gut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt. 1. Halberstadt: R. Frantz. p. 21. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49584400.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Johnstone, Andrew; Burns, Kevin J. (2020-03-04), Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G. et al., eds., "Guira Tanager (Hemithraupis guira)" (in en), Birds of the World (Cornell Lab of Ornithology), doi:10.2173/bow.guitan1.01, https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/guitan1/1.0/introduction, retrieved 2026-05-31
Wikidata ☰ Q1028619 entry
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