Biology:Haplogroup R1b-DF13
| Haplogroup R-DF13 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 4,200 years BP [1] |
| Coalescence age | 4,000 years BP[1] |
| Possible place of origin | Central Europe/ Western Europe |
| Ancestor | R-L21 |
| Descendants | R-DF21 R-FGC11134 R-L513 R-FGC5494 R-Z17300 R-BY39001 R-ZZ10 (including: )
R-Z39589 (including: )
|
| Defining mutations | DF13, CTS241, S521, Z2542, CTS8221 |
| Highest frequencies | Irish Scottish Welsh Bretons |
R-DF13, which is also known as R-S521, R-Z2542 and R-CTS8221, as well as the phylogenetic name R1b1a1a2a1a2c1a, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, which is characteristic of a majority of the living male inhabitants of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Brittany.[2]
Origin
R-DF13, which originated approximately 4,200 years ago, is a primary subclade of R-L21. It is likely associated with the Bell Beaker culture and, possibly, the Celts.
This haplogroup is found among an absolute majority of the male inhabitants of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Brittany; is also found at significant levels in England , northern France , and north-west Iberia (Northern Portugal Galicia and Asturias).[citation needed] It is found at lower levels in Belgium[citation needed] and the Netherlands.[3]
DF13 is ancestral to many subclades commonly found in the above areas, including: R-L513/S215/DF1, R-L1335, R-Z253, R-ZZ10, R-Z251, R-Z255/S219, and R-FGC33712/FGC33755.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 YFull, 2012–20, R-DF13
- ↑ Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2018, International Society of Genetic Genealogy, https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpR.html
- ↑ Altena, Eveline; Smeding, Risha; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Decorte, Ronny; Lao, Oscar; Kayser, Manfred; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa et al. (2019). "The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape". European Journal of Human Genetics. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0. ISSN 1018-4813. PMID 31488894.
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