Biology:Hemibos

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Short description: Extinct genus of mammal

Hemibos
Temporal range: Late Pliocene - Middle Pleistocene
Probubalus occipitalis.JPG
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Bovinae
Subtribe: Bubalina
Genus: †Hemibos
Falconer, 1865
Type species
†Hemibos triquetricornis
Falconer, 1865
Species[1]
  • H. acuticornis
  • H. antelopinus
  • H. gracilis
  • H. palaestinus?
  • H. triquetricornis

Hemibos is an extinct even-toed ungulate belonging to the family Bovidae. Its fossil remains were found across Asia and Europe such as from China, Italian Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, and State of Palestine, Israel, Pakistan, India.[2][3][4][5]

Description

This animal was a large bovid similar to the modern Asian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), of which it is probably ancestral. It was characterized by elongated and non-prominent frontal bones; the bone cores of the horns did not have a neck at the base, and the angle between the horns was variable but usually between 85 ° and 110 °. Also, the orientation of the horns was variable according to the species: the species H. triquetricornis, H. acuticornis and H. galerianus possessed horns directed backwards, outwards and slightly upwards, while H. antelopinus and H. palaestinus possessed different morphologies.[6] The teeth were hypsodont, with increasing development of dental cement; the upper molars were square.

Classification

The genus Hemibos was first described in 1865 by Rütimeyer, based on fossils found in India in Plio-Pleistocene soils. The genus includes five species; three of these (H. acuticornis, H. triquetricornis and H. antelopinus) come from the Pinjor formation of the Siwaliks (Plio-Pleistocene, Indian subcontinent),[2] one (H. gracilis) is known from Gansu (China) in the lower Pleistocene, and another (H. galerianus) is the largest and most recent and comes from Ponte Galeria and Ponte Milvio (Rome, Italy) and dates from the Early Pleistocene/Middle Pleistocene boundary. In lower Pleistocene Spain, a form similar to H. gracilis was found. Another species attributed to Hemibos is H. palaestinicus from Israel, but the dating is not certain and a morphological analysis indicates it may belong to the genus Bison. The species Probubalus occipitalis is considered identical to H. triquetricornis.

References

  1. ↑ "Hemibos". https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1118453/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Khan, M.A. (2016). "Hemibos (Bovini: Bovidae: Ruminantia) from Sardhok Pleistocene of Pakistan". Biologia (Pakistan): 305–311. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314021011. 
  3. ↑ Martínez-Navarro, B. (2011). "Presence of the Asian origin Bovini, Hemibos sp. Aff. Hemibos gracilis and Bison sp., at the early Pleistocene site of Venta Micena (Orce, Spain)". Quaternary International 243 (1): 54–60. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.05.016. Bibcode: 2011QuInt.243...54M. 
  4. ↑ Pilgrim, G.E. (1941). "A fossil skull of Hemibos from Palestine". Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 (40): 347–360. doi:10.1080/00222934108527163. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222934108527163?journalCode=tnah17&. 
  5. ↑ "Hemibos triquatricornis". http://museum.gsi.gov.in/cs/VirtualMuseum/articles/1463315239614?resolvetemplatefordevice=true. 
  6. ↑ Martı́nez-Navarro, B.; Palombo, M.R. (2004). "Occurrence of the Indian genus Hemibos (Bovini, Bovidae, Mammalia) at the Early–Middle Pleistocene transition in Italy". Cambridge University Press 61 (3): 314–317. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.002. Bibcode: 2004QuRes..61..314M. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0033589404000262. 

Further reading

Wikidata ☰ Q30894071 entry



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