Biology:Hoplobatrachus litoralis
| Hoplobatrachus litoralis | |
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| Lateral view | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Dicroglossidae |
| Genus: | Hoplobatrachus |
| Species: | H. litoralis
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| Binomial name | |
| Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan, & Sumida, 2012
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Hoplobatrachus litoralis, commonly known as the Bangladesh coastal bullfrog, is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in South Asia, parts of Southeast Asia, and China.[1]
Taxonomy
Hoplobatrachus litoralis was first collected in the coastal wetlands of the Cox's Bazar District in southeastern Bangladesh. Because it was found in a coastal area, it got the species name litoralis.[2]
For a long time, these frogs were assumed to be a subspecies of Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, which is also widely distributed across South Asia.[3] The DNA revealed a 3.2% to 14.2% genetic divergence from H. tigerinus. Then it was officially described and named Hoplobatrachus litoralis in a 2012 paper published in the journal Zootaxa.[3]
Description
Hoplobatrachus litoralis is a large species of frog. Adult males possess a snout-vent length ranging from 81.3 to 102.1 millimeters, whereas adult females are even larger, measuring between 83.2 and 121.3 millimeters in length.[2] Their heads are generally longer than they are wide.[4] Normally dark gray with large black spots,[5] their skin features thin longitudinal ridges and a thin, whitish mid-dorsal stripe running down the middle of their back.[6][7] They are characterized by distinct black bands crossing the nostrils, upper jaw margins, and the inner side of the upper arms.[2][8][9]
Distribution
Hoplobatrachus litoralis is distributed across West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh in India; Ukhia and Teknaf in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh; Rakhine State and Tanintharyi in Myanmar; Samtse District in Bhutan; and Yunnan in China.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan, and Sumida, 2012". https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Dicroglossidae/Dicroglossinae/Hoplobatrachus/Hoplobatrachus-litoralis.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Hoplobatrachus litoralis". https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/auth/challenge?return_to=/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Hoplobatrachus&where-species=litoralis.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "A new species of genus Hoplobatrachus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the coastal belt of Bangladesh". Zootaxa. https://jstu.ac.bd/bsfmstu/notice_document/Hasan_et_al-2012b.pdf.
- ↑ "Hoplobatrachus litoralis - Freshwater Biodiversity Portal of Bangladesh" (in en-US). Freshwater Biodiversity Portal of Bangladesh. 2026-01-07. https://freshwaterbiodiversity.org.bd/species/hoplobatrachus-litoralis_amphibian/.
- ↑ "Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan & Sumida 2012" (in en). https://treatment.plazi.org/GgServer/xhtml/2B2BB54E4CAC55E483EA7B805FE0A398.
- ↑ "First record of Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan & Sumida, 2012 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from China". Herpetozoa (Austrian Herpetological Society). https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/98669/download/pdf/822343.
- ↑ "On the Distribution of Coastal Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan and Sumida, 2012". Asian Journal of Conservation Biology. https://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers_july_2024/AJCB-Vol13-No1-82953_Nath%20et%20al.pdf.
- ↑ Devi, Yumkham; Purkayastha, Jayaditya; Sengupta, Saibal (2026-07-08). "Larval description of Coastal bullfrog Hoplobatrachus litoralis (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Manipur, India". Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 15: 44–51. doi:10.53562/ajcb.87851. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411810200.
- ↑ Lalremsanga, Hmar Tlawmte; Kundu, Shantanu; Kumar, Vikas; Biakzuala, Lal; Purkayastha, Jayaditya (2020-01-01). "DNA barcoding elucidates the new altitude record and range-extension of lesser-known bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus litoralis) in northeast India". Mitochondrial DNA Part B 5 (3): 2668–2672. doi:10.1080/23802359.2020.1787259. https://www.academia.edu/146018580.
Wikidata ☰ Q3140384 entry
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