Biology:Lampshade spider

Short description: Family of spiders

Lampshade spiders
Hypochilus pococki in web
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Hypochilidae Marx, 1888
Genera
Ectatosticta Hypochilus
Diversity
2 genera, 33 species

Hypochilus web in its normal orientation

Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelve species currently recognized. Like mygalomorphs, most hypochilids have two pairs of book lungs, but like araneomorphs they have intersecting fangs, with the exception of some species which have chelicerae in an angle that is neither orthognathous or labidognathous. These long-legged spiders build typical "lampshade" style webs under overhangs and in caves. In the United States the fauna is primarily associated with the Appalachian, Rocky and California Mountains. Ten of the known species are found in these ranges, all in the genus Hypochilus. The genus Ectatosticta is found in China .

In one analysis, the Hypochilidae are a sister clade to the Neocribellatae, which contains all other spider species in the Araneomorphae (Coddington & Levi, 1991, p. 576). A more recent study groups them with the Haplogynae.

Species

Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 – China

• Ectatosticta davidi (Simon, 1889)
• Ectatosticta deltshevi Platnick & Jäger, 2009
• Ectatosticta baima Lin & S. Q. Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta baixiang Lin & S. Q. Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta bajie Lin & Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta dapeng Lin & Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta davidi (Simon, 1889) – China
• Ectatosticta deltshevi Platnick & Jäger, 2009 – China
• Ectatosticta furax Wang, Zhao, Irfan & Zhang, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta helii Lin & S. Q. Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta menyuanensis Wang, Zhao, Irfan & Zhang, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta pingwuensis Wang, Zhao, Irfan & Zhang, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta puxian Lin & S. Q. Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta qingshi Lin & S. Q. Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta rulai Lin & Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta shaseng Lin & S. Q. Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta shennongjiaensis Wang, Zhao, Irfan & Zhang, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta songpanensis Wang, Zhao, Irfan & Zhang, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta wenshu Lin & S. Q. Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta wukong Lin & Li, 2020 – China
• Ectatosticta xuanzang Lin & Li, 2020 – China
• Ectatosticta yukuni Lin & Li, 2021 – China
• Ectatosticta zhouzhiensis Wang, Zhao, Irfan & Zhang, 2021 – China

Hypochilus Marx, 1888 – US

• Hypochilus bernardino Catley, 1994 – USA
• Hypochilus bonneti Gertsch, 1964 – USA
• Hypochilus coylei Platnick, 1987 – USA
• Hypochilus gertschi Hoffman, 1963 – USA
• Hypochilus jemez Catley, 1994 – USA
• Hypochilus kastoni Platnick, 1987 – USA
• Hypochilus petrunkevitchi Gertsch, 1958 – USA
• Hypochilus pococki Platnick, 1987 – USA
• Hypochilus sheari Platnick, 1987 – USA
• Hypochilus thorelli Marx, 1888 (type) – USA
• Hypochilus xomote (Hedin & Ciaccio, 2022) – USA

See also

• List of Hypochilidae species
• Spider families

References

• Coddington, J.A.; Levi, H.W. (1991). "Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae)". Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22: 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025. 
• Kaston, B. J. (1953). How to Know the Spiders (1st ed.). Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown Co.. OCLC 681432632. https://archive.org/details/howtoknowspiders0000kast. 

Further reading

• Forster, R.R., Platnick, N.I. and Gray, M.R. (1987). A review of the spider superfamilies Hypochiloidea and Austrochiloidea (Araneae, Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the AMNH 185(1):1-116 Abstract - PDF (50Mb)
• Shear, W.A. (1969). "Observations on the predatory behavior of the spider Hypochilus gertschi Hoffman (Hypochilidae)". Psyche 76 (4): 407–417. doi:10.1155/1969/59683. 

External links

• Arachnology Home Pages: Araneae
• Platnick, N.I. 2003. World Spider Catalog
• Picture of Hypochilus pococki

Wikidata ☰ Q10573 entry