Biology:Iberis
| Iberis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Perennial candytuft (Iberis sempervirens) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | Iberis L. |
| Species | |
|
~30; see text | |
Iberis /aɪˈbɪərɪs/,[1] commonly called candytuft, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It comprises annuals, evergreen perennials and subshrubs native to the Old World.[2] The name "candytuft" is not related to candy, but derives from Candia, the former name of Iraklion on the Island of Crete.[3]
In the language of flowers, the candytuft symbolizes indifference.[4]
Species
Iberis consists of about 30 species of annuals, perennials and evergreen subshrubs. Some of the better known are:
Iberis amara - rocket candytuft, bitter candytuft, wild candytuft
Iberis ciliata
Iberis gibraltarica - Gibraltar candytuft
Iberis linifolia
Iberis procumbens - dune candytuft
Iberis saxatilis - rock candytuft
Iberis sempervirens - evergreen candytuft, perennial candytuft
Iberis umbellata - globe candytuft
They are used as ornamental plants for rock gardens, bedding, and borders in full sun or light shade.
Trophic connections
These plants provide nourishment for a number of insect species of which the rare Euchloe tagis butterfly is the most striking example as it is monophagous on species in this genus. [5][6]
Biochemical defenses
Species in the genus Iberis contain not only glucosinolates, which are characteristic chemical defenses of the Brassicaceae plant family, but also cucurbitacins,[7] which are better known as chemical defenses in the Cucurbitaceae plant family. Cucurbitacins from Iberis amara have antifeedant activity against the Brassicaceae-feeding specialist Pieris rapae (cabbage butterfly).[8] Cucurbitacins from Iberis umbellata (globe candytuft) are ecdysteroid antagonists, acting on the ecdysteroid receptor of insects.[9]
References
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. pp. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
- ↑ Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed.. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. pp. 3804. ISBN 978-0199206872.
- ↑ "Language of Flowers - Flower Meanings, Flower Sentiments". http://www.languageofflowers.com/flowermeaning.htm.
- ↑ de Viedma, M. G.; Escribano, R.; Gómez-Bustillo, M. R.; Mattoni, R. H. T. (1985-01-01). "The first attempt to establish a nature reserve for the conservation of lepidoptera in Spain" (in en). Biological Conservation 32 (3): 255–276. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90113-2. ISSN 0006-3207. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0006-3207%2885%2990113-2.
- ↑ Marabuto, Eduardo; Pina-Martins, Francisco; Rebelo, Maria Teresa; Paulo, Octávio S. (2020). "Ancient divergence, a crisis of salt and another of ice shaped the evolution of the west Mediterranean butterfly Euchloe tagis" (in en). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131 (3): 487–504. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa129. https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa129/5913157.
- ↑ Nielsen, Jens Kvist; Larsen, Lone Melchior; Søorensen, Hilmer (1977-01-01). "Cucurbitacin E and I in Iberis amara: Feeding inhibitors for Phyllotreta nemorum" (in en). Phytochemistry 16 (10): 1519–1522. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(77)84014-4. ISSN 0031-9422. Bibcode: 1977PChem..16.1519N. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0031-9422%2877%2984014-4.
- ↑ Sachdev-Gupta, Kusum; Radke, Celia D.; Renwick, J. Alan A. (1993-08-12). "Antifeedant activity of cucurbitacins from Iberis amara against larvae of Pieris rapae" (in en). Phytochemistry. The International Journal of Plant Biochemistry 33 (6): 1385–1388. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(93)85096-A. ISSN 0031-9422. Bibcode: 1993PChem..33.1385S.
- ↑ Dinan, Laurence; Whiting, Pensri; Girault, Jean-Pierre; Lafont, René; Dhadialla, S. Tarlochan; Cress, E. Dean; Mugat, Bruno; Antoniewski, Christophe et al. (1997-11-01). "Cucurbitacins are insect steroid hormone antagonists acting at the ecdysteroid receptor" (in en). Biochemical Journal 327 (3): 643–650. doi:10.1042/bj3270643. ISSN 0264-6021. PMID 9581538. PMC 1218839. https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article-abstract/327/3/643/34040/Cucurbitacins-are-insect-steroid-hormone?redirectedFrom=fulltext.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q158380 entry
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