Biology:Juncus bufonius
| Juncus bufonius | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Juncaceae |
| Genus: | Juncus |
| Species: | J. bufonius
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| Binomial name | |
| Juncus bufonius | |
Juncus bufonius, known commonly as toad rush, is a widespread flowering plant species complex in the rush family Juncaceae.[1][2][3]
Distribution
Its native range is circumpolar throughout tropical, subtropical, subarctic, and temperate climate areas of the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.[4][1][5][6][7][8] [9] It is also widely distributed as an introduced species in suitable habitats worldwide. It grows in moist and muddy places, often in wetlands and riparian areas.[10]
In habitats where it is not native and has naturalized it may be considered a weed. The relationship of North America plants to the Eurasian Juncus ranarius is weakly delineated.[3]
Description
Juncus bufonius is an annual monocot that is quite variable in appearance. It is generally a green clumping grasslike rush, with many thin stems wrapped with few threadlike leaves.[3]
The flowers are borne in inflorescences and also in the joint where the inflorescence branches off of the stem. It is a grassy flower folded within tough bracts and sepals.[3] The blooming period is March through May.[10]
Varieties
- Juncus bufonius var. bufonius — North America.[11]
- Juncus bufonius var. congestus — North America.[12]
- Juncus bufonius var. occidentalis — North America.[13]
- Juncus bufonius var. rechingeri — South Asia.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 GRIN-Global Web v 1.9.4.2: Taxonomy of Juncus bufonius
- ↑ USDA: Juncus bufonius
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Jepson: Juncus bufonius
- ↑ Anderberg, Arne. "Juncus bufonius L.". Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm. http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/mono/junca/juncu/juncbufv.jpg.
- ↑ Efloras.org: Juncus bufonius in Flora of North America
- ↑ Efloras.org: Juncus bufonius in Flora of China
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Efloras.org: Juncus bufonius in Flora of Pakistan
- ↑ Online Field Guide to Common Saltmarsh Plants of Queensland
- ↑ PIER Profile: Juncus bufonius
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Calflora: Juncus bufonius
- ↑ Calflora: Juncus bufonius var. bufonius
- ↑ Calflora: Juncus bufonius var. congestus
- ↑ Calflora: Juncus bufonius var. occidentalis
External links
- Calflora Database: Juncus bufonius (Toad rush)
- Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Juncus bufonius
Wikidata ☰ Q159152 entry
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