Biology:Karanisia

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Karanisia is an extinct genus of strepsirrhine primate from Middle Eocene fossil deposits in Egypt.

Classification

Two species are known, K. clarki[1][2] and K. arenula.[3] Originally considered a crown lorisid, more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses suggest it is a more basal to crown lorisiformes.[4][5]

K. clarki was described in 2003 from isolated teeth and jaw fragments found in Late Middle Eocene (c. 40 million years ago) sediments of the Birket Qarun Formation in the Egyptian Faiyum.[6][7] The specimens indicate the presence of a toothcomb, making it the earliest fossil primate to indisputably bear this trait, which is unique to all living strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorises, and galagos).[7]

In 2010 a second species, K. arenula, was described in the journal Nature from Late Middle Eocene rocks in Libya.[3]

Palaeobiology

Diet

Dental topographic analysis suggests that K. clarki was insectivorous, although it indicates uncertainty as to whether or not it also consumed plant exudates such as sap or gum.[8] Comparison of the relative molar proportions of K. clarki to those of extant exudativores suggests that K. clarki was not an exudativore because it is unlike them in regard to this phenotypic trait.[9] Fossils of K. clarki suffering from dental caries have been described, suggesting a sweet diet.[10]

References

  1. ↑ "Karanisia". The Paleobiology Database. https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=90337. 
  2. ↑ "Karanisia clarki". ZipCodeZoo.com. http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/K/Karanisia_clarki/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jaeger, J. J.; Beard, Kenneth Christopher; Chaimanee, Y.; Salem, M.; Benammi, M.; Hlal, O.; Coster, P.; Bilal, A. A. et al. (2010). "Late middle Eocene epoch of Libya yields earliest known radiation of African anthropoids". Nature 467 (7319): 1095–1098. doi:10.1038/nature09425. PMID 20981098. Bibcode: 2010Natur.467.1095J. http://www.carnegiemnh.org/assets/science/vp/Late%20middle%20Eocene%20epoch%20of%20Libya%20yields%20earliest%20known%20radiation%20of%20African%20anthropoids.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Seiffert, E. R. (2012). "Early primate evolution in Afro-Arabia". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 21 (6): 239–253. doi:10.1002/evan.21335. PMID 23280921. 
  5. ↑ Gregg F. Gunnell; Doug M. Boyer; Anthony R. Friscia; Steven Heritage; Fredrick Kyalo Manthi; Ellen R. Miller; Hesham M. Sallam; Nancy B. Simmons; Nancy J. Stevens; Erik R. Seiffert (2018). "Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin for Madagascar's aye-aye". Nature Communications. 9: Article number 3193. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05648-w.
  6. ↑ Seiffert, Erik R.; Simons, E. L.; Attia, Y. (2003). "Fossil evidence for an ancient divergence of lorises and galagos". Nature 422 (6930): 421–424. doi:10.1038/nature01489. PMID 12660781. Bibcode: 2003Natur.422..421S. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a22ed2fc-34ac-400f-ad0e-75c196b5fbb0. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gould, Lisa, ed (2006). Lemurs: Ecology and Adaptation (Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects) (1 ed.). Springer. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-0-387-34585-7. 
  8. ↑ Selig, Keegan R.; López-Torres, Sergi; Burrows, Anne M.; Silcox, Mary T. (8 May 2024). "Dental Topographic Analysis of Living and Fossil Lorisoids: Investigations into Markers of Exudate Feeding in Lorises and Galagos" (in en). International Journal of Primatology 45 (4): 951–971. doi:10.1007/s10764-024-00433-7. ISSN 0164-0291. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10764-024-00433-7. Retrieved 17 November 2025. 
  9. ↑ Selig, Keegan R.; López‐Torres, Sergi; Law, Chris J.; Burrows, Anne M.; Silcox, Mary T. (31 March 2026). "The Evolution and Development of Molar Size Among Exudate‐Feeding Lorises and Bushbabies" (in en). American Journal of Biological Anthropology 189 (4). doi:10.1002/ajpa.70238. ISSN 2692-7691. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajpa.70238. Retrieved 14 May 2026. 
  10. ↑ Selig, Keegan R.; López‐Torres, Sergi; Burrows, Anne M.; Silcox, Mary T.; Meng, Jin (11 March 2024). "Dental caries in living and extinct strepsirrhines with insights into diet" (in en). The Anatomical Record 307 (6): 1995–2006. doi:10.1002/ar.25420. ISSN 1932-8486. https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ar.25420. Retrieved 8 February 2026. 

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