Biology:Kasokero virus
| Kasokero virus | |
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Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Ellioviricetes |
| Order: | Bunyavirales |
| Family: | Nairoviridae |
| Genus: | Orthonairovirus |
| Species: | Orthonairovirus kasokeroense
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Kasokero virus (Orthonairovirus kasokeroense) is a species of virus in the genus Orthonairovirus.[2] The virus was first isolated in 1977 at the Uganda Virus Research Institute from serum samples collected from Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) captured at Kasokero Cave in Uganda.[3]
Virology
As a typical member of the Nairoviridae family, Kasokero virus is a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus with a genome divided into three segments: large (encoding the RNA dependent RNA polymerase), medium (encoding glycoproteins Gn and Gc) and small (encoding the nucleocapsid protein).[4]
Ecology
Kasokero virus was first isolated from serum samples collected from Egyptian fruit bats, known natural reservoirs of the human-pathogenic Marburg virus (Orthomarburgvirus marburgense).[3] In addition, the virus has also been isolated from soft argasid ticks (Ornithodorus faini), observed to feed on fruit bats and considered part of the enzootic transmission cycle of Kasokero virus.[3]
To date, Egyptian fruit bats are the only known vertebrate hots of Kasokero virus on the African continent. Ecological surveys of wild-caught bats in Uganda have detected that, on average, about 3% of these bats are positive for Kasokero RNA.[5] Experimental infections of Egyptian fruit bats with Kasokero virus have shown that infected bats don't develop overt signs of disease despite detectable virus replication in various tissues.[6][7]
Human disease
Shortly after its discovery in 1977, Kasokero virus caused laboratory-acquired infections among three laboratory staff members at the Uganda Virus Research Institute. A fourth case was later also detected in a driver who had reported no direct contact with lab staff or facilities.[8] Among the four cases, clinical signs of disease ranged from mild febrile illness to prolonged systemic disease involving fever, headaches, arthralgia, stomach pain, nausea, diarrhoea, chest pain and coughing.[3]
References
- ↑ "History of the taxon: Species: Orthonairovirus kasokeroense (2024 Release, MSL #40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202400075&taxon_name=Orthonairovirus%20kasokeroense.
- ↑ "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. https://ictv.global/taxonomy.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Schuh, Amy J.; Amman, Brian R.; Patel, Ketan; Sealy, Tara K.; Swanepoel, Robert; Towner, Jonathan S. (February 2020). "Human-Pathogenic Kasokero Virus in Field-Collected Ticks". Emerging Infectious Diseases 26 (12): 2944–2950. doi:10.3201/eid2612.202411. ISSN 1080-6059. PMID 33219649.
- ↑ Kuhn, Jens H.; Wiley, Michael R.; Rodriguez, Sergio E.; Bào, Yīmíng; Prieto, Karla; Travassos da Rosa, Amelia P. A.; Guzman, Hilda; Savji, Nazir et al. (2016-06-10). "Genomic Characterization of the Genus Nairovirus (Family Bunyaviridae)". Viruses 8 (6): 164. doi:10.3390/v8060164. ISSN 1999-4915. PMID 27294949.
- ↑ Amman, Brian R.; Schuh, Amy J.; Sealy, Tara K.; Conteh, Immah; Akurut, Gloria G.; Koroma, Alusine H.; Kamugisha, Kilama; Graziano, James C. et al. (May 2025). "Co-Infections with Orthomarburgviruses, Paramyxoviruses, and Orthonairoviruses in Egyptian Rousette Bats, Uganda and Sierra Leone". Emerging Infectious Diseases 31 (5): 1015–1018. doi:10.3201/eid3105.241669. ISSN 1080-6059. PMID 40305387.
- ↑ Schuh, Amy J.; Amman, Brian R.; Guito, Jonathan C.; Graziano, James C.; Sealy, Tara K.; Towner, Jonathan S. (March 2025). "Modeling natural coinfection in a bat reservoir shows modulation of Marburg virus shedding and spillover potential". PLOS Pathogens 21 (3). doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012901. ISSN 1553-7374. PMID 40096181.
- ↑ Kirejczyk, Shannon G. M.; Schuh, Amy J.; Zhang, Jian; Amman, Brian R.; Guito, Jonathan C.; Sealy, Tara K.; Graziano, James C.; Brown, Corrie C. et al. (2023). "Pathogenesis of Kasokero virus in experimentally infected Egyptian rousette bats ( Rousettus aegyptiacus )". Veterinary Pathology 60 (3): 324–335. doi:10.1177/03009858231158076. PMID 36879492.
- ↑ Kalunda, M.; Mukwaya, L. G.; Mukuye, A.; Lule, M.; Sekyalo, E.; Wright, J.; Casals, J. (March 1986). "Kasokero virus: a new human pathogen from bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Uganda". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 35 (2): 387–392. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.387. ISSN 0002-9637. PMID 3082234.
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