Biology:Kinixys
| Kinixys | |
|---|---|
| |
| Kinixys belliana | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Cryptodira |
| Superfamily: | Testudinoidea |
| Family: | Testudinidae |
| Genus: | Kinixys Bell, 1827 |
Kinixys is a genus of turtles in the family Testudinidae. The genus was erected by Thomas Bell in 1827.[1][2] The species in the genus Kinixys are native to Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar [2] and commonly known as hinged tortoises[3] or hinge-back tortoises.[2][4]
Most of the Kinixys species are omnivores. They feed mainly on a wide range of different leaves, weeds, roots, flowers and fruits. However, they also eat worms, insects and other small invertebrates.[5][6]
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Kinixys:[1]
- Kinixys belliana (Gray, 1830) – Bell's hinge-back tortoise
- Kinixys erosa (Schweigger, 1812) – forest hinge-back tortoise
- Kinixys homeana Bell, 1827 – Home's hinge-back tortoise
- Kinixys lobatsiana (Power, 1927) – Lobatse hinge-back tortoise
- Kinixys natalensis Hewitt, 1935 – Natal hinge-back tortoise
- Kinixys nogueyi Hewitt, 1935
- Kinixys spekii Gray, 1863 – Speke's hinge-back tortoise
- Kinixys zombensis Hewitt, 1931
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Kinixys. thumb|Three species of Kinixys: K. nogueyi, K. erosa, K. homeana. (Illustration G. Aeschimann).
Distribution and habitat
The several species of the genus Kinxys are found across much of tropical and sub-tropical sub-Saharan Africa, ranging as far south as KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, and as far north as the fringes of the Sahel and Sahara. However, individuals are often very scarce within this range, and several species are threatened.
Though the species' wide geographic ranges overlap considerably, they are separated from each other by favouring different habitats within this range. Some species (such as K. belliana) favour open savannah or grasslands, others (such as K. homeana) favour rainforest.
Parasites
Species of tortoises in the genus Kinixys play host to a number of ectoparasites (external) and endoparasites (internal). A survey (by Alan Probert & Clive Humphreys) of mixed captive K. spekii and K. belliana (mostly K. spekii) in Zimbabwe showed that the following parasites were known to infest/infect this species. This had been observed and published by others too. However some of the tiny roundworms (photographed under scanning electron microscope) are very likely new species and as yet remain undescribed.
- Ticks (Arachnida)
- Roundworms (Nematoda) – Angusticium, Atractis and Tachygontria
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kinixys at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kindler, Carolin; Branch, William R.; Hofmeyr, Margaretha D.; Maran, Jérôme; Široký, Pavel; Vences, Miguel; Harvey, James; Hauswaldt, J. Susanne et al. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of African hinge-back tortoises (Kinixys): implications for phylogeography and taxonomy (Testudines: Testudinidae): Molecular phylogeny of hinge-back tortoises". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 50 (3): 192–201. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00660.x.
- ↑ Branch, Bill (2012). Tortoises, Terrapins & Turtles of Africa. Penguin Random House South Africa. https://books.google.com/books?id=HA9bDwAAQBAJ.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, D. (1998). "African Hingeback Tortoises of the Genus Kinixys". Reptile & Amphibian Magazine. 54: 32-37.
- ↑ "The Hinge-Back Tortoises". britishcheloniagroup.org.uk. http://www.britishcheloniagroup.org.uk/caresheets/hinges.
- ↑ "Natural History and Care of Bell's Hinged Tortoise". kingsnake.com. http://www.kingsnake.com/thewyvernslair/articles/phfrog_01.html.
Further reading
- Bell, T. (1827). "On two new Genera of Land Tortoises". The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 15: 392–401. (Kinixys, new genus, p. 398). (in English and Latin).
Wikidata ☰ Q531347 entry
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