Biology:LILRA5
 Generic protein structure example |
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 5 (LILR-A5) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member F (CD85f), immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 (ILT-7), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 9 (LIR-9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA5 gene.[1][2][3] This gene is one of the leukocyte receptor genes that form a gene cluster on the chromosomal region 19q13.4.[4] Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.
Function
The function of LILRA5 is currently unknown. However, it is highly homologous to other LILR genes, thus it plays the same functions like other family members, LIR family members are known to have activating and inhibitory functions in leukocytes. Crosslink of this receptor protein on the surface of monocytes has been shown to induce calcium flux and secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, which suggests the roles of this protein in triggering innate immune responses.[5][6]
Clinical significance
A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) has found that genetic variations in LILRA5 are associated with late-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD).[7]
LILBR2 plays a critical role in the inhibition of axonal regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury.[8] However, recent studies demonstrate that LILRB2 is a β-Amyloid receptor and may contribute to synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.[1][9] Due to its proximity to LILRB2, it is believed that LILRA5 mutation may also contribute to Alzheimer's disease.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Identification of novel Aβ-LilrB2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences 114: 103630. July 2021. doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103630. PMID 34029694.
- ↑ "LILRA5 Gene - Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor A5". Gene Cards. https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=LILRA5&keywords=LILRA5.
- ↑ "LILRA5 leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor A5 [Homo sapiens (human)"]. Gene - NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/353514.
- ↑ "Arrangement of the ILT gene cluster: a common null allele of the ILT6 gene results from a 6.7-kbp deletion". European Journal of Immunology 30 (12): 3655–3662. December 2000. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3655::AID-IMMU3655>3.0.CO;2-Y. PMID 11169408.
- ↑ "LILRA5 is expressed by synovial tissue macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis, selectively induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-10 and is regulated by TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IFN-gamma". European Journal of Immunology 38 (12): 3459–3473. December 2008. doi:10.1002/eji.200838415. PMID 19009525.
- ↑ "Molecular identification and characterisation of a novel chicken leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A5". British Poultry Science 62 (1): 68–80. February 2021. doi:10.1080/00071668.2020.1812524. PMID 32812773.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer's disease". Nature Genetics 53 (9): 1276–1282. September 2021. doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00921-z. PMID 34493870. https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/61f01aa9-6dc7-4213-be2a-d3fe622db488.
- ↑ "Inhibition of PirB Activity by TAT-PEP Improves Mouse Motor Ability and Cognitive Behavior". Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 9: 199. 2017. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00199. PMID 28676756.
- ↑ "Human LilrB2 is a β-amyloid receptor and its murine homolog PirB regulates synaptic plasticity in an Alzheimer's model". Science 341 (6152): 1399–1404. September 2013. doi:10.1126/science.1242077. PMID 24052308. Bibcode: 2013Sci...341.1399K.
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