Biology:List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae)
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This is a list of the butterflies of India belonging to the subfamily Pyrginae of the family Hesperiidae and an index to the species articles. The butterflies of this subfamily are commonly referred to as flats because of their habit of holding the wings flat at all times. They are also known as "angles", "elfs" or "grizzled skippers".
This list forms part of the full List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae) which itself is part of the complete List of butterflies of India.
A total of 69 species belonging to 21 genera are found in India.
Checklist
Capila – dawnflies
Evans (1932) had listed the various species of Capila under a number of different genera:
- Orthopaetus group (dawnflies)
- Capila group (striped dawnflies)
- Crossiura group (fringed dawnfly)
- Calliana group (white dawnfly)
Caprona – angles
- Golden angle, Caprona ransonnetti (Felder, 1868)[9][10][11][12]
- Spotted angle, Caprona agama (Moore, 1857)[9][10]
Carcharodus – mallow skipper
- Mallow skipper, Carcharodus alceae (Esper, 1780)
- Carcharodus dravira (Moore, [1875])
Chamunda – olive flat
- Olive flat, Chamunda chamunda (Moore, 1865)[13]
Coladenia – pied flats
- Brown pied flat, Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, 1883)[14]
- Tricolour pied flat, Coladenia indrani (Moore, 1865)[14]
- Elwes' pied flat, Coladenia agnioides Elwes & Edwards, 1897[14]
Ctenoptilum – tawny angle
- Tawny angle, Ctenoptilum vasava (Moore, 1865)[15]
Darpa – hairy angle
- Hairy angle, Darpa hanria (Moore, 1865)[16]
- Darpa striata (H. Druce, 1873)
- Darpa pteria (Hewitson, 1868)[16]
Gerosis – yellow-breast flats
- Common yellow-breast flat, Gerosis bhagava (Moore, [1866])[17]
- Dusky yellow-breast flat, Gerosis phisara (Moore, 1884)[17]
- Chinese yellow-breast flat, Gerosis sinica (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)[17]
Gomalia – marbled skipper
.JPG)
- African mallow/marbled skipper, Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862)[18]
Lobocla – marbled flat
- Marbled flat, Lobocla liliana (Atkinson, 1871)[19]
Mooreana – yellow flat
- Yellow flat, Mooreana trichoneura (M. t. pralaya, (Moore, 1865))[20]
Odina – zigzag flat
Odontoptilum – chestnut angle
- Chestnut/banded angle, Odontoptilum angulatum (Felder, 1862)[22]
Pseudocoladenia
- Fulvous pied flat, Pseudocoladenia dan (Fabricius, 1787)[23] previously Coladenia dan
- Pseudocoladenia festa (Evans, 1949)[23]
- Pseudocoladenia fatua (Evans, 1949)[23]
Pyrgus – grizzled skippers
- Pyrgus alpinus (Erschoff, 1874)[24]
- Pyrgus cashmirensis Moore, 1874[24]
Sarangesa – small flats
- Common small flat, Sarangesa dasahara (Moore, 1865)[25]
- Spotted small flat, Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882)[25]
- Tiny flat, Sarangesa sati de Nicéville, 1891[25]
Satarupa – white flats
- Large white flat, Satarupa gopala (Moore, 1865)[26]
- Satarupa splendens Tytler, 1914[26]
Seseria – white flats
- Himalayan white flat, Seseria dohertyi Watson, 1863[27]
- Sikkim white flat, Seseria sambara (Moore, 1865)[27]
Spialia – grizzled skippers
- Indian grizzled skipper or Indian skipper, Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793)[28]
- Desert grizzled skipper, Spialia doris (Walker, 1870)[28]
- Zebra grizzled skipper, Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888)[28]
Tagiades – snow flats
- Flat, Tagiades cohaerens Mabille, 1914[29] (T. c. cynthia Evans, 1934)
- Ceylon snow flat, Tagiades distans Moore[29]
- Immaculate/large/suffused snow flat, Tagiades gana (Moore, 1865)[29][30]
- Common snow flat, Tagiades japetus (Stoll, 1781)[29]
- Water snow flat, Tagiades litigiosa (Möschler, 1878)[29]
- Spotted snow flat, Tagiades menaka (Moore, 1865)[29]
- Tagiades parra Frühstorfer, 1910[29]
- Tagiades toba de Nicéville, 1896[29]
Tapena – black angle
- Black angle, Tapena thwaitesi Moore, 1881[31][32][33]
See also
- Pyrginae
- Hesperiidae
- List of butterflies of India
- List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae)
Cited references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Savela, Markku (21 October 2014). "Capila lidderdali (Elwes, 1888)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/capila/#lidderdali. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2007. Capila Moore 1866. Version 4 March 2007 (under construction). Page on genus Capila in [The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/]
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Capila lidderdali". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=181752.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Capila phanaeus". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=181757.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Capila zennara". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=181768.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Capila jayadeva". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=181751.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Capila pennicillatum". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=181754.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Calliana pieridoides". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=181633.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Savela, Markku (23 November 2014). "Caprona ransonnetii (Felder, 1868)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/caprona/#ransonnetii. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 TOL web page on genus Caprona
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Caprona ransonnettii". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=181795.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Caprona agama". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=181774.
- ↑ Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Chamunda chamunda (Moore, [1866)"]. https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/chamunda/#chamunda. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, [1884)"]. https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/coladenia/#agni. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ Savela, Markku (24 November 2012). "Ctenoptilum vasava (Moore, [1866)"]. https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/ctenoptilum/#vasava. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Savela, Markku (15 April 2012). "Darpa hanria Moore, [1866"]. https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/darpa/#hanria. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Gerosis bhagava (Moore, [1866)"]. https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/gerosis/#bhagava. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ Savela, Markku (1 July 2012). "Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/gomalia/#elma. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ Savela, Markku (10 February 2019). "Lobocla liliana (Atkinson, 1871)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/lobocla/#liliana. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Mooreana trichoneura (C. & R. Felder, 1860)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/mooreana/#trichoneura. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Savela, Markku (28 November 2015). "Odina decoratus (Hewitson, 1867)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/odina/#decoratus. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Odontoptilum angulata (Felder, 1862)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/odontoptilum/#angulata. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Savela, Markku (23 December 2018). "Pseudocoladenia dan (Fabricius, 1787)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/pseudocoladenia/#dan. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Savela, Markku (10 February 2019). "Pyrgus alpinus (Erschoff, 1874)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/pyrgus/#alpinus. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Savela, Markku (2 January 2017). "Sarangesa dasahara Moore, [1866"]. https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/sarangesa/#dasahara. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Savela, Markku (10 February 2019). "Satarupa gopala Moore, [1866"]. https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/satarupa/#gopala. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Savela, Markku (26 November 2015). "Seseria dohertyi Watson, 1893". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/seseria/#dohertyi. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Savela, Markku (10 February 2019). "Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793)". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/spialia/#galba. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 Savela, Markku (25 December 2018). "Tagiades cohaerens Mabille, 1914". https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/tagiades/#cohaerens. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ Haribal, 1994:200 Mentions Tagiades parra gala Evans, 1949
- ↑ Savela, Markku (24 November 2012). "Tapena thwaitesi Moore, [1881"]. https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/tapena/#thwaitesi. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). "Tapena thwaitesi". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=188830.
- ↑ TOL web page on genus Tapena thwaitesi
References
- Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
- Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
- Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545. https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C.
- Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329. https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ.
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