Biology:List of carnivorans by population

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This is a list of estimated global populations of Carnivora species. This list is not comprehensive, as not all carnivorans have had their numbers quantified.

List

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Amur Leopard Panthera pardus orientalis 103[1] CR[1] Steady[1] Population is believed to be rising.[1] Panthera pardus orientalis Colchester Zoo (1).jpg
Iriomote cat Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis 100–109[2] CR[3] Decrease[3] A subspecies of the leopard cat living exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote. Population size is declining, and consists of a single subpopulation.[2] Iriomote yamaneko stuffed.jpg
Malabar large-spotted civet Viverra civettina 250[4] CR[4] Decrease[4] Maximum estimate. Previously considered possibly extinct.[4]
Darwin's fox Pseudalopex fulvipes 250[5] EN[5] Increase[5] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[5] Pseudalopex fulvipes-primer plano.jpg
Black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes 500[6] EN[6] Decrease[6] Almost became extinct in the 1980s.[6] Jumping black footed ferret.jpg
Red wolf Canis rufus 300[7] CR[7] Increase[7] Maximum estimate. No more than 50 mature individuals. Previously extinct in the wild.[7] Canis rufus FWS cropped.jpg
Saimaa ringed seal Pusa hispida saimensis 380 EN Steady The most endangered pinniped. Pusa hispida saimensis ca 1956.jpg
Cozumel raccoon Procyon pygmaeus 323–955[8] CR[8] Decrease[8] Mature individuals number less than 250. Populations can be severely affected by hurricanes.[8] Cozumel Raccoon2.jpg
Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus 1,100 [9] EN[10] Increase[10] According to European Union LIFE Nature conservation projects estimates population size tripled from 52 mature individuals in 2002 to 156 in 2012.[10] Linces19.jpg
Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis 500[11] EN[11] Decrease[11] One of the world's rarest canids, and Africa's most endangered carnivore. Ethiopian wolf.JPG
Siberian tiger Panthera tigris tigris 560[12] EN[12] Increase[12] Siberian tigers have made a comeback from the brink of extinction due to the strict laws of the Russian government. Russian Authorities believe that the number of living Siberian tigers will reach 700 after four years.[12] P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg
Asiatic lion Panthera leo leo 674[13] EN[13] Increase[13] The population is rapidly growing from 284 in 1990 to 674 in 2020 thanks to the conservation efforts of the government, people and many communities. It is only founded in the Gir forest and some other parts of the state of Gujrat, India.[13] Gir lion.jpg
Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus 700[14] EN[14] Decrease[14] The second most endangered pinniped.[14] Phoque Moine Monachus.jpg
Marine otter Lontra felina 1,000[15] EN[15] Decrease[15] Maximum estimate from 1991; numbers have probably fallen.[15] Lfelina.jpg
Giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis 1,000–5,000[16] EN[16] Decrease[16] Giantotter.jpg
Hawaiian monk seal Neomonachus schauinslandi 1,400[17] EN[17] Decrease[17] Numbered 1448 in 1983.[17] Monachus schauinslandi.jpg
Giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca 1,800[18] VU[18] Increase[18] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[18] Grosser Panda.JPG
Bay cat Pardofelis badia 2,200[19] EN[19] Decrease[19] Maximum estimate.[19] Bay cat 1 Jim Sanderson-cropped.jpg
Dhole Cuon alpinus 2,500[20] EN[20] Decrease[20] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[20] Sleeping Dhole.jpg
Fossa Cryptoprocta ferox 2,500[21] VU[21] Decrease[21] Maximum estimate.[21] Cryptoprocta ferox 1 - Syracuse Zoo.jpg
Andean mountain cat Leopardus jacobita 2,500[22] EN[22] Decrease[22] Maximum estimate.[22] Andean cat 1 Jim Sanderson.jpg
Grandidier's mongoose Galidictis grandidieri 2,650–3,540[23] EN[23] Decrease[23] Mungo1.jpg
Snow leopard Panthera uncia <8,000[24] VU[24] Decrease[24] Snow Leopard at the Toronto Zoo.jpg
Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris 2,967[25] EN[25] Increase[25] the population is rapidly growing and it has been doubled from 1,411 to 2,967 in 12 years. According to the census report, the population has been risen 30% from 2,226 in 2014 to 2,967 in 2020 thanks to the strict laws of Indian government.[25] Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg
Tiger Panthera tigris 3,900-5,600[26] EN[26] Increase[26] 75% of the tigers in the world belongs to India. 13 countries including India, Bangladesh, Myanmmar, Bhutan, China, Russia have taken a misson to double the worldwide tiger population by the year 2022.[26] Royal Bengal Tiger at Kanha National Park.jpg
Island fox Urocyon littoralis 4,001[27] NT Increase[27] Urocyon littoralis standing.jpg
Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi 4,500[28] VU[28] Decrease[28] Maximum estimate.[6] Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis Diardi), Santago.jpg
African wild dog Lycaon pictus 6,600[29] EN[29] Decrease[29] Lycaon pictus at Monarto Zoo.jpg
Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus 7,100[30] VU[30] Decrease[30] Estimate is for mature individuals only. Number may reach as high as 10,000.[30] Cheetah Kruger.jpg
Brown hyena Parahyaena brunnea 8,000[31] NT[31] Decrease[31] Parahyaena brunnea 3.jpg
Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx 8,000(Europe only)[32] LC[32] Steady[32] Lynx Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald 01.jpg
Marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata 10,000[33] NT[33] Decrease[33] Maximum estimate.[33] Lydekker - Marbled Cat.JPG
Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus 10,000[34] NT[34] Decrease[34] Rostkatze.JPG
Clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa 10,000[35] VU[35] Decrease[35] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[35] Neofelis nebulosa.jpg
Red panda Ailurus fulgens 10,000[36] EN[36] Decrease[36] Red Panda in a Gingko tree.jpg
African golden cat Caracal aurata 10,000[37] VU Decrease[37] Minimum estimate for mature individuals.[37] FelisAurataKeulemans.jpg
Kodkod Leopardus guigna 18,000[38] VU[38] Decrease[38] Maximum estimate.[38] Guigna 2.jpg
Chinese mountain cat F. bieti 10,000[39] VU[39] Decrease[39] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[39] Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo.jpg
Galápagos fur seal Arctophoca galapagoensis 10,000–15,000[40] EN[40] Decrease[40] Down from 30,000–40,000 in 1978.[40] Galapagos Fur Seal, Santiago Island.jpg
New Zealand sea lion Phocarctos hookeri 11,855[41] EN[41] Decrease[41] New Zealand Sea Lion.jpg
Juan Fernández fur seal Arctophoca philippii 12,000[42] LC[42] Increase[42] Estimate is from the early 1990s; numbers appear to be increasing.[42] Lobo fino.jpg
Australian sea lion Neophoca cinerea 13,790[43] EN[43] Decrease[43] Neophoca cinerea.JPG
Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena 14,000[44] NT[44] Decrease[44] Striped Hyena 5.jpg|
Sechuran fox Lycalopex sechurae 15,000[45] NT[45] Unknown[45] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[45] Sechuran fox.jpg
Guadalupe fur seal Arctophoca townsendi 15,000–17,000[46] LC[46] Increase[46] Numbered 200 – 500 in the 1950s.[46] Arctocephalus townsendi.jpg
Leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx 18,000-35,000[47] LC[47] Unknown[47] Hydrurga leptonyx edit1.jpg
Lion Panthera leo 20,000[48] VU[48] Increase[48] Comprises two subspecies in Africa and Asia. The Asiatic lion numbers an estimated 650.[49] Lion waiting in Namibia.jpg
Sloth bear Melursus ursinus 20,000[50] VU[50] Decrease[50] Maximum estimate.[50] Lippenbaer-24.jpg
Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus 50,000[51] VU[52] Decrease[52] Maximum estimate.[52] Ursus t. japonicus Ueno Zoo.jpg
Galápagos sea lion Zalophus wollebaeki 20,000–40,000[53] EN[53] Decrease[53] Zalophus californianus wollebaeki.JPG
Polar bear Ursus maritimus 22,000–31,000[54] VU[54] Steady[54] Ursus maritimus -Rio Grande Zoo, New Mexico, USA-8a.jpg
Maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus 23,600[55] NT[55] Unknown[55] Maned wolf-aguara guazu.jpeg
Spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta 27,000–47,000[56] LC[56] Decrease[56] Tentative estimate.[56] Crocuta crocuta Amboseli NP (cropped).jpg
Cougar Puma concolor 50,000[57] LC[57] Decrease[57] Torres del Paine puma JF2.jpg
Jaguar Panthera onca 64,000[58] NT[58] Decrease[58] Jaguar head shot-edit2.jpg
Leopard Panthera pardus 75,000[59] VU[59] Decrease[59] Leopard africa.jpg
Baikal seal Pusa sibirica 80,000–100,000[60] LC[60] Steady[60] Baikal-seal 4747-pho.jpg
Sea otter Enhydra lutris 106,822[61] EN[61] Decrease[61] Sea-otter-morro-bay 13.jpg
Bush dog Speothos venaticus 110,000[62] NT[62] Decrease[62] Considered an overestimate.[62] Cachorro-vinagre.jpg
Caspian seal Pusa caspica 111,000[63] EN[63] Decrease[63] Once numbered over 1,000,000.[63] Caspian seal 03.jpg
Ross seal Ommatophoca rossii 130,000[64] LC[64] Unknown[64] Ross-seal.jpg
Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus 143,000[65] NT[65] Increase[65] Divided into two subspecies: Western Steller (78,000) and Loughlin's Steller (65,000).[65] Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) on rocks.jpg
Northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris 171,000[66] LC[66] Increase[66] Numbered 113,000 in 1991.[66] Northern Elephant Seal, San Simeon2.jpg
New Zealand fur seal Arctophoca forsteri 200,000[67] LC[67] Increase[67] Arctocephalus forsteri LC0255.jpg
Brown bear Ursus arctos 200,000[68] LC[68] Steady[68] Minimum estimate. Russia has the largest number of brown bears, believed to exceed 100,000, while estimates in the U.S. are around 33,000 (most in Alaska), Canada 25,000, and Europe (excluding Russia) 14,000.[68] Ursus arctos - Norway.jpg
South American sea lion Otaria flavescens 250,000[69] LC[69] Steady[69] Minimum estimate.[69] Otaria flavescens -Patagonia-8.jpg
South American fur seal Arctophoca australis 250,000–300,000[70] LC[70] Increase[70] Arctocephalus australis 3.JPG
California sea lion Zalophus californianus 180,000[71] LC[71] Increase[71] Lion de mer Amnéville 01.jpg
Subantarctic fur seal Arctophoca tropicalis 200,000[72] LC[72] Increase[72] [72] Arctocephalus tropicalis CrozetIslands male.jpg
Grey wolf Canis lupus 300,000[73] LC Unknown European grey wolf in Prague zoo.jpg
Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddellii 300,000[74] LC[74] Unknown[74] [74] Phoque de Weddell - Weddell Seal.jpg
Harbor seal Phoca vitulina 315,000[75] LC[75] Unknown[75] Founded in the coastal regions of North America, Europe and Asia.[75] Common Seal Phoca vitulina.jpg
Grey seal Halichoerus grypus 316,000[76] LC[76] Increase[76] Foka szara mateusz wlodarczyk.jpg
Southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina 325,000[77] LC[77] Unknown[77] Latest global estimates are from the mid-1990s.[77] Mirounga leonina male.JPG
Hooded seal Cystophora cristata 340,000[78] VU[78] Decrease[78] One population in the Northwest Atlantic and another in the Northeast. The latter population has declined 85-90% in the past 60 years for unknown reasons.[78] Klappmuetze MK.jpg
Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus 650,000[79] VU[79] Decrease[79] Northfursealbull.jpg
American black bear Ursus americanus 950,000[80] LC[80] Increase[80] Numbers are believed to be twice that of all other bears combined.[80] Yellowstone-0169.jpg
Brown fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus 1,060,000[81] LC[81] Increase[81] Divided into two subspecies: Cape and Australian.[81] Arctocephalus pusillus - SE Tasmania.jpg
Crabeater seal Lobodon carcinophaga 4,000,000[82] LC[82] Unknown[82] [82] Lobodon carcinophagus1.jpg
Harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus 4,500,000[83] LC[83] Increase[83] [83] Pagophilus groenlandicus.001 - Natural History Museum of London.jpg
Red fox Vulpes vulpes Unknown[84] LC Increase Estimates are uncertain because a coordinated worldwide census has never been conducted.[84] Fox - British Wildlife Centre (17429406401).jpg
Cat (domestic) Felis catus 600,000,000[85] Domesticated Increase[85] 2007 estimate Cat March 2010-1.jpg
Dog (domestic) Canis familiaris 900,000,000[86] Domesticated Increase[86] Poligraf Poligrafovich.JPG

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ambish K.R Borpuzari (2020). "Panthera pardus orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 環境省. "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). http://www.env.go.jp/press/press.php?serial=10060. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Von Arx, M.; Breitenmoser-Wursten, C. (2008). "Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/18146/0. Retrieved 2014-09-12. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Jennings, A., Veron, G. & Helgen, K. (2008). "Viverra civettina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/23036/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Cuarón, A.D., de Grammont, P.C., Vázquez-Domínguez, E., Valenzuela-Galván, D., García-Vasco, D., Reid, F. & Helgen, K. (2008). "Pseudalopex fulvipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41586/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Belant, J., Gober, P. & Biggins, D. (2008). "Mustela nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/14020/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Kelly, B.T., Beyer, A. & Phillips, M.K. (2008). "Canis rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/3747/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Khan, J.A.; Mukherjee, S. (2008). "Procyon pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/18267/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  9. ↑ Lusa (2021). "Pela primeira vez em 20 anos, há mais de 1000 linces-ibéricos". Público. https://www.publico.pt/2021/05/28/p3/noticia/primeira-20-anos-ha-1000-lincesibericos-1964416. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Von Arx, M.; Breitenmoser-Wursten, C. (2008). "Lynx pardinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12520/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Marino, J.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2011). "Canis simensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/3748/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Ambish K.R Borpuzari (2020). "Panthera tigris altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Ambish K.R Borpuzari (2020). "Panthera leo persica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15952/5327221. Retrieved 2020-08-07. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Aguilar, A. & Lowry, L. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13653/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Alvarez, R.; Medina-Vogel, G. (2008). "Lontra felina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12303/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Duplaix, N., Waldemarin, H.F., Groenedijk, J., Evangelista, E., Munis, M., Valesco, M. & Botello, J.C. (2008). "Pteronura brasiliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/18711/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Lowry, L. & Aguilar, A. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Monachus schauinslandi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13654/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Lü, Z, Wang, D. & Garshelis, D.L. (IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group) (2008). "Ailuropoda melanoleuca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/712/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Hearn, A., Sanderson, J., Ross, J., Wilting, A. & Sunarto, S. (2008). "Pardofelis badia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/4037/0. Retrieved 2012-11-16. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Durbin, L.S., Hedges, S., Duckworth, J.W., Tyson, M., Lyenga, A. & Venkataraman, A. (IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group - Dhole Working Group) (2008). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5953/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Hawkins, A.F.A.; Dollar, L. (2008). "Cryptoprocta ferox". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5760/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Acosta, G., Cossios, D., Lucherini, M. & Villalba, L. (2008). "Leopardus jacobita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15452/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Hawkins, A.F.A. (2008). "Galidictis grandidieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/8834/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Jackson, R., Mallon, D., McCarthy, T., Chundaway, R.A. & Habib, B, Ambish K.R Borpuzari (2021). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22732/0. Retrieved 2021-02-06. "taking the high and low values of the population ranges provided (Table 1 in the Supporting Information) a range-wide population of 7,367-7,884 is indicated. If the results of the 2014-2016 Bhutan Snow Leopard census are added in (79-112: Thinley et al. 2016), the global population would then be estimated at 7,446 to 7,996.". 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Ambish K.R Borpuzari (2020). "Panthera tigris tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136899/4348945. Retrieved 2020-08-07. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Chundawat, R.S., Habib, B., Karanth, U., Kawanishi, K., Ahmad Khan, J., Lynam, T., Miquelle, D., Nyhus, P., Sunarto, S., Tilson, R. & Sonam Wang (2011). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15955/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Coonan, T., Ralls, K., Hudgens, B., Cypher, B. & Boser, C (IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group - Island Fox Working Group) (2013). "Urocyon littoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22781/13985603. Retrieved 2019-10-24. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Hearn, A., Sanderson, J., Ross, J., Wilting, A. & Sunarto, S. (2008). "Neofelis diardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/136603/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Woodroffe, R.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2012). "Lycaon pictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12436/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Durant, S., Marker, L., Purchase, N., Belbachir, F., Hunter, L., Packer, C., Breitenmoser-Wursten, C., Sogbohossou, E. & Bauer, H. (2008). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/219/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Wiesel, I., Maude, G., Scott, D. & Mills, G. (2008). "Hyaena brunnea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/10276/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Breitenmoser, U., Mallon, D.P., von Arx, M. & Breitenmoser-Wursten, C. (2008). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12519/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Grassman, L., Sanderson, J., Hearn, A., Ross, J., Wilting, A., Sunarto, S., Khan, J.A. & Mukherjee, S. (2008). "Pardofelis marmorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/16218/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Khan, J.A.; Mukherjee, S. (2008). "Prionailurus rubiginosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/18149/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Anderson, J., Khan, J.A., Grassman, L. & Mallon, D.P. (2008). "Neofelis nebulosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/14519/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Wang, X., Choudhury, A., Yonzon, P., Wozencraft, C. & Than Zaw (2008). "Ailurus fulgens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/714/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Henschel, P., Breitenmoser-Wursten, C.& Sogbohossou, E. (2008). "Caracal aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/18306/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Acosta, G.; Lucherini, M. (2015). "Hydrurga leptonyx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15311/0. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Sanderson, J., Mallon, D.P. & Driscoll, C. (2010). "F. silvestris bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/8539/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Arctocephalus galapagoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2057/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Gales, N. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Phocarctos hookeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/17026/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Arctocephalus philippii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2059/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Goldsworthy, S. & Gales, N. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Neophoca cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/14549/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 Arumugam, R., Wagner, A. & Mills, G. (2008). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/10274/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Asa, C.S., Cossíos, E.D. & Williams, R. (2008). "Pseudalopex sechurae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/6925/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Arctocephalus townsendi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2061/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Hückstädt, L. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2015). "Hydrurga leptonyx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/10340/0. Retrieved 2020-06-13. "APIS surveys resulted in an estimate of 35,500". 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P.F.; Henschel, P.; Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15951/0. 
  49. ↑ Kaushik, H. (August 2, 2017). "Lion population roars to 650 in Gujarat forests". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Lion-population-roars-to-650-in-Gujarat-forests/articleshow/59907625.cms. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 Garshelis, D.L., Ratnayeke S. & Chauhan, N.P.S. (IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group) (2008). "Melursus ursinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13143/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  51. ↑ Dickson, B. (November 5, 2013). Endangered Species Threatened Convention. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-134-19434-6. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 "Ursus thibetanus". https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22824/166528664#population. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Zalophus wollebaeki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41668/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Schliebe, S., Wiig, Ø., Derocher, A. & Lunn, N. (IUCN SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group) (2008). "Ursus maritimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22823/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 Rodden, M., Rodrigues, F. & Bestelmeyer, S. (2008). "Chrysocyon brachyurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/4819/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Honer, O., Holekamp, K.E. & Mills, G. (2008). "Crocuta crocuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5674/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Ambish K.R Borpuzari (2021). "Puma concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18868/97216466. Retrieved 2021-02-06. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Ambish K.R Borpuzari (2020). "Panthera onca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/jaguar-the-amazing-amazon-big-cat. Retrieved 2020-09-21. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 Ambish K.R Borpuzari (2012). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15954/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 Burkanov, V. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Pusa sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41676/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 Doroff, A.; Burdin, A. (2011). "Enhydra lutris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/7750/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 DeMatteo, K., Michalski, F. & Leite-Pitman, M.R.P. (2011). "Speothos venaticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/20468/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 Härkönen, T. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Pusa caspica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41669/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Southwell, C. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Ommatophoca rossii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15269/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 Gelatt, T.; Lowry, L. (2012). "Eumetopias jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/8239/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 Campagna, C. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Mirounga angustirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13581/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 Goldsworthy, S. & Gales, N. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Arctocephalus forsteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41664/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 McLellan, B.N., Servheen, C. & Huber, D. (IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group) (2008). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41688/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 Campagna, C. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Otaria flavescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41665/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 Campagna, C. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Arctocephalus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2055/0. Retrieved 2012-11-12. 
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2014). "Zalophus californianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41666/45230310. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 Hofmeyr, G. & Kovacs, K. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2014). "Arctocephalus tropicalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2062/45224547. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  73. ↑ Coren, Stanley (2012). Do Dogs Dream? : Nearly Everything Your Dog Wants You to Know. Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 Gelatt, T. & Southwell, C. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2014). "Leptonychotes weddellii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/11696/45226713. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 Thompson, D. & Härkönen, T. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2016). "Phoca vitulina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17013/45229114. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 Thompson, D. & Härkönen, T. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Halichoerus grypus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9660/45226042. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 77.3 Campagna, C. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2014). "Mirounga leonina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13583/45227247. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.3 Kovacs, K. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2015). "Cystophora cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6204/45225150. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 Gelatt, T. & Lowry, L. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2015). "Callorhinus ursinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/3590/45224953. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 Garshelis, D.L., Crider, D. & van Manen, F. (IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group) (2008). "Ursus americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41687/0. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 Hofmeyr, G. & Gales, N. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2015). "Arctocephalus pusillus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2060/45224212. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 82.2 82.3 Southwell, C. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2014). "Lobodon carcinophaga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12246/45226918. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 Kovacs, K. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2015). "Pagophilus groenlandicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41671/45231087. Retrieved 2020-06-13. 
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C.. "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/23062/0. Retrieved 2017-11-24. 
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 Wade, Nicholas (June 29, 2007). "DNA traces 5 matriarchs of 600 million domestic cats". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/health/29iht-cats.1.6406020.html. 
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Gompper, Matthew E. (2013). "The dog-human-wildlife interface: assessing the scope of the problem". Free-Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation. Oxford University Press. pp. 9–54. ISBN 978-0191810183. 



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