Biology:List of kerivoulines

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Short description: Species in mammal subfamily Kerivoulinae

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A photograph of a painted bat hanging upside-down. It is small and very orange.
Painted bat (Kerivoula picta)

Kerivoulinae is one of the four subfamilies of Vespertilionidae, itself one of twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. A member of this subfamily is called a kerivouline, or a woolly bat. They are found mostly in Africa and Asia, with one species also found in Australia, primarily in forests and caves, though some species can also be found in grasslands, savannas, or wetlands. They range in size from the least woolly bat, at 2 cm (1 in) plus a 2 cm (1 in) tail, to the Kachin woolly bat, at 6 cm (2 in) plus a 7 cm (3 in) tail. Like all bats, kerivoulines are capable of true and sustained flight, and have forearm lengths ranging from 2 cm (1 in) to 5 cm (2 in). They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders.[1] Almost no kerivoulines have population estimates, though two species—the St. Aignan's trumpet-eared bat and the Tanzanian woolly bat—are categorized as endangered species with population sizes as low as 600.

The 30 extant species of Kerivoulinae are divided between two genera: Kerivoula with 26 species, and Phoniscus with the other four. A few extinct prehistoric kerivouline species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]

Conventions

Template:IUCN statuses

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the kerivouline's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

Kerivoulinae, one of the four subfamilies of the family Vespertilionidae, contains 30 extant species divided into 2 genera.

Subfamily Kerivoulinae

  • Genus Kerivoula (woolly bats): 26 species
  • Genus Phoniscus (trumpet-eared bats): four species

Kerivoulines

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

Genus Kerivoula – Gray, 1842 – 26 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bismarck trumpet-eared bat


K. myrella
Thomas, 1914 		Manus Island in Papua New Guinea Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[5] 		 VU 


1,500–2,000 Population declining[5]

Clear-winged woolly bat

Brown bat

K. pellucida
(Waterhouse, 1845) 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[6] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[6]

Copper woolly bat

Drawing of bat skull

K. cuprosa
Thomas, 1861 		Central and western Africa Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[7] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[7]

Cryptic woolly bat


K. crypta
Wroughton & Ryley, 1913 		Southern India and Sri Lanka Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus about 4 cm (2 in) tail
about 3 cm (1 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[9] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[9]

Damara woolly bat


K. argentata
Tomes, 1861

Three subspecies
  • K. a. argentata
  • K. a. nidicola
  • K. a. zuluensis
Southeastern Africa Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[10]

Habitat: Savanna[11] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[11]

Dark woolly bat


K. furva
Kuo, Soisook, Ho, Csorba, Wang, & Rossiter, 2017 		Eastern and southeastern Asia Size: Unknown length, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[12] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[12]

Ethiopian woolly bat


K. eriophora
(Heuglin, 1877) 		Ethiopia Size: About 5 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Unknown[13] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[13]

Flat-skulled woolly bat


K. depressa
Miller, 1906 		Southeastern Asia Size: About 3 cm (1 in), plus about 4 cm (2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[14] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[14]

Flores woolly bat


K. flora
Thomas, 1914 		Indonesia and Malaysia Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus about 5 cm (2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[15] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[15]

Fly River trumpet-eared bat


K. muscina
Tate, 1941 		Papua New Guinea Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[16] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[16]

Hardwicke's woolly bat

Bats in bamboo

K. hardwickii
(Horsfield, 1824) 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[17] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[17]

Indochinese woolly bat


K. dongduongana
Tu, Hassanin, Furey, Son, & Csorba, 2018 		Southeastern Asia Size: Unknown length, plus about 4 cm (2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[18] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[18]

Kachin woolly bat


K. kachinensis
Bates, Struebig, Rossiter, Kingston, Oo, & Mya, 2004 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[19] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[19]

Krau woolly bat


K. krauensis
Francis, Kingston, & Zubaid, 2007 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[20] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Least woolly bat


K. minuta
Miller, 1898 		Indonesia and Malaysia
Map of range 		Size: 2–3 cm (1 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[21] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[21]

Lenis woolly bat


K. lenis
Thomas, 1916 		Southern and southeastern Asia Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[22] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[22]

Lesser woolly bat

Drawing of brown bat

K. lanosa
(A. Smith, 1847)

Four subspecies
  • K. l. harrisoni
  • K. l. lanosa
  • K. l. lucia
  • K. l. muscilla
Sub-Saharan Africa Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Savanna and forest[23] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[23]

Painted bat

Orange bat

K. picta
(Pallas, 1767)

Two subspecies
  • K. p. bellissima
  • K. p. picta
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[24] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[24]

Papillose woolly bat

Brown bat head

K. papillosa
Temminck, 1840

Two subspecies
  • K. p. malayana
  • K. p. papillosa
Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[25] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[25]

Small woolly bat

Brown bat

K. intermedia
Hill & Francis, 1984 		Malaysia Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[26] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[26]

Smith's woolly bat


K. smithii
Thomas, 1880 		Central Africa Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[27] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[27]

Spurrell's woolly bat


K. phalaena
Thomas, 1912 		Central Africa Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
2–3 cm (1 in) forearm length[10]

Habitat: Forest[28] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[28]

St. Aignan's trumpet-eared bat


K. agnella
Thomas, 1908 		Papua New Guinea Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus about 5 cm (2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[29] 		 EN 


600–750 Population declining[29]

Tanzanian woolly bat


K. africana
Dobson, 1878 		Tanzania Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
about 3 cm (1 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[30] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[30]

Titania's woolly bat


K. titania
Bates, Struebig, Hayes, Furey, Mya, Thong, Tien, Son, Harrison, Francis, & Csorba, 2007 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[31] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[31]

Whitehead's woolly bat

Brown bat

K. whiteheadi
Thomas, 1894

Three subspecies
  • K. w. bicolor
  • K. w. pusilla
  • K. w. whiteheadi
Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Grassland and forest[32] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[32]

Genus Phoniscus – Miller, 1905 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Dubious trumpet-eared bat

Drawing of brown bat

P. aerosa
(Tomes, 1858) 		Possibly southeastern Africa Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
about 4 cm (2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[33] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[33]

Golden-tipped bat


P. papuensis
(Dobson, 1878) 		Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[34] 		 VU 


Unknown Unknown[34]

Groove-toothed bat


P. atrox
Miller, 1905 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[35] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[35]

Peters's trumpet-eared bat


P. jagorii
(Peters, 1866) 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[36] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[36]

References

  1. ↑ Nowak, pp. 184–186
  2. ↑ "Fossilworks: Kerivoulinae". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=432204. 
  3. ↑ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 525–529
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 552
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Aplin, K.; Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Kerivoula myrella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10980A22022572.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10980/22022572. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Nor Zalipah, M. (2020). "Kerivoula pellucida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10983A22021330.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10983/22021330. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Fahr. J. (2019). "Kerivoula cuprosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10971A21971772.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10971/21971772. 
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 551
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Csorba, G. (2021). "Kerivoula crypta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T154196297A154196362.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/154196297/154196362. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 553
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Monadjem, A.; Taylor, P. J.; Jacobs, D.; Cotterill, F. (2017). "Kerivoula argentata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10969A21970780.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10969/21970780. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Csorba, G. (2021). "Kerivoula furva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T154196065A154196068.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/154196065/154196068. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Fahr. J. (2019). "Kerivoula eriophora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10972A21971992.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10972/21971992. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Csorba, G. (2021). "Kerivoula depressa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T154195907A154195912.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/154195907/154195912. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Waldien, D. L.; Wiantoro, S. (2021). "Kerivoula flora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T10973A21972598.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10973/21972598. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Aplin, K.; Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Kerivoula muscina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10979A209536068.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10979/209536068. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Görföl, T.; Csorba, G. (2020). "Kerivoula hardwickii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T154195594A21973742.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/154195594/21973742. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Csorba, G. (2021). "Kerivoula dongduongana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T154195951A154195959.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/154195951/154195959. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Bates, P. J. J.; Thong, V. D.; Soisook, P. (2019). "Kerivoula kachinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136240A22001145.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136240/22001145. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Nor Zalipah, M. (2020). "Kerivoula krauensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136572A21992300.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136572/21992300. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Nor Zalipah, M. (2020). "Kerivoula minuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10978A22022086.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10978/22022086. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Kerivoula lenis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136428A21984385.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136428/21984385. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Monadjem, A.; Taylor, P. J.; Jacobs, D.; Cotterill, F. (2017). "Kerivoula lanosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10977A22021700.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10977/22021700. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Huang, J. C. -C.; Lim, L. S.; Chakravarty, R. (2020). "Kerivoula picta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10985A22022952.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10985/22022952. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Hutson, A. M.; Kingston, T. (2021). "Kerivoula papillosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10981A22020906.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10981/22020906. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Nor Zalipah, M. (2020). "Kerivoula intermedia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10975A21974054.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10975/21974054. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J. (2017). "Kerivoula smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10986A22023189.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10986/22023189. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J. (2017). "Kerivoula phalaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10984A22021608.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10984/22021608. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Aplin, K.; Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Kerivoula agnella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10968A209548421.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10968/209548421. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Fahr, J.; Jacobs, D. (2020). "Kerivoula africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10966A21975149.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10966/21975149. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Bates, P. J. J.; Soisook, P.; Thong, V. D. (2019). "Kerivoula titania". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136817A22044302.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136817/22044302. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Duya, M. R.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Jakosalem, P. G.; Tanalgo, K. et al. (2019). "Kerivoula whiteheadi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10987A22023276.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10987/22023276. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Francis, C. M.; Csorba, G.; Monadjem, A.; Waldien, D. L. (2022). "Phoniscus aerosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T10967A21975373.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10967/21975373. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Loyd, A. M.; Pennay, M. (2021). "Phoniscus papuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10982A22021190.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10982/22021190. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Jayaraj, V. K. (2020). "Phoniscus atrox". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10970A21970973.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10970/21970973. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Oo, S. S. L.; Kingston, T.; Francis, C.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B. (2019). "Phoniscus jagorii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10976A21974660.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10976/21974660. 

Sources

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