Biology:List of largest extinct lizards

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List of largest extinct lizards which are members of the order Squamata.

List

Rank Scientific name Family Largest specimen Length Mass Image
1 Mosasaurus hoffmannii Mosasauridae CCMGE 10/2469 or Penza specimen 12.9 m (42 ft)[1] 8 t (7.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons)[1] Mosasaurus 21copy.jpg
2 Tylosaurus pembiensis Mosasauridae "Bruce" 12.8 m (42 ft)[1] 6.3 t (6.2 long tons; 6.9 short tons)[1] Tylosaurus pembinensis 1DB flipped.jpg
3 Tylosaurus bernardi Mosasauridae "IRScNM" 12.2 m (40 ft)[1][2] 5.6 t (5.5 long tons; 6.2 short tons)[1] Hainosaurus073.jpg
4 Tylosaurus proriger Mosasauridae "Bunker" 12 m (39 ft)[1] 5.2 t (5.1 long tons; 5.7 short tons)[1] Tylosaurus-proriger.jpg

Geckos (Gekkota)

Kawekaweau is the largest among of all known geckos
  • An extinct member of family Diplodactylidae, Kawekaweau or Delcourt's giant gecko (Hoplodactylus delcourti), the largest gecko of all time. It had a snout-vent length of 37 cm (14.6 in), a total length of 60 cm (23.6 in).[3] and a mass of 896.98 g (31.640 oz)[4] The modern representative of same genus is Duvaucel's gecko (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) also has a large sizes (see list of largest extant lizards).
  • Some members of genus Phelsuma are one of the largest extant geckos (see list of largest extant lizards). Although, in the past, day geckos were even more larger. For example, the Rodrigues day gecko (Phelsuma edwardnewtoni) had total length up to 23 cm (9.1 in). The Rodrigues giant day gecko (Phelsuma gigas) was the largest day gecko and second-largest of all geckos (after the kawekaweau), with a length of up to 40 cm (15.74 in) and possibly even 44 cm (17.3 in),[citation needed] and body mass 193.43 g (6.8 oz).[5]

Iguanas (Iguanidae)

The Lapitiguana is the largest iguana fossils
  • The extant members of genus Brachylophus are iguanas small and medium-sized, growing a length of 60–75 cm (24–30 in). Although, in the past there was a much larger member of this family – Brachylophus gibbonsi, reached in length of 1.2 m (3.9 ft),[citation needed] and thus, was 1.8 times longer than its modern relatives. Another very large extinct iguanid, reached even larger – Lapitiguana impensa which had a length of 1.5 m (4.91 ft).[6]

True lizards (Lacertidae)

Marine lizards (Mosasauridae)

Mosasaurs were not only the largest lizards, but also the largest representatives of the Squamata order, as well as one of the biggest marine reptiles
  • The largest mosasaurs were Hainosaurus, Mosasaurus, and Tylosaurus, which grew to around 17 m (56 ft) and were projected to weigh up to 20 t (44,000 lb).[8]

Skinks (Scincidae)

  • The Cape Verde giant skink (Chioninia coctei) was a very large skink[9] that grew up to a snout-vent length of 32 cm (13 in)[10] and 56.5 cm (22.2 in) in a total length.[11]
  • Another very large extinct skink is the Mauritian giant skink (Leiolopisma mauritiana) which is the largest skink so far discovered; it grew to a snout-vent length of 34 cm (13 in)[12] with a total length of 68 cm (27 in), and according to some information up to 80 cm (31 in)[13]

Monitor lizards (Varanidae)

The largest land lizard ever lived was extinct megalania from Australia
  • The prehistoric Australian megalania (Varanus priscus), which may have existed up to 40,000 years ago, is the largest varanid and the largest terrestrial lizard known to exist, but the lack of a complete skeleton has resulted in a wide range of size estimates. Molnar's 2004 assessment resulted in an average weight of 320 kg (710 lb) and length of 4.5 m (15 ft), and a maximum of 1,940 kg (4,280 lb) at 7 m (23 ft) in length, which is toward the high end of the early estimates.[14]
  • Ever species fossil Saniwa measured 1.3 to 2.1 m (4.3 to 6.9 ft).[15][16]
  • Palaeosaniwa was roughly comparable to a large monitor lizard (Varanidae) in size. Measuring around 3–3.5 m (9.8–11.5 ft) in length,[17][18] it is among the largest terrestrial lizards known from the Mesozoic era. Later study shows estimation with snout–vent length about 85 centimetres (33 in) for Maastrichtian species.[19] Asprosaurus may compete with Palaeosaniwa in size.[20] Another large Mesozoic varanoid lizard was Chianghsia with snout-vent length of over 1 m (3 ft 3 in).[21]

See also

  • Largest prehistoric animals

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 (in ko) 모사 사우루스의 최대 크기에 대해.... https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=adnjsgkskdy&logNo=221465703877&view=img_1. Retrieved 12 June 2022. 
  2. ↑ Lindgren, J. (2005). "The first record of Hainosaurus (Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from Sweden". Journal of Paleontology 79 (6): 1157–1165. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1157:tfrohr2.0.co;2]. 
  3. ↑ Wilson, K.-J. (2004). Flight of the Huia: Ecology and Conservation of New Zealand's Frogs, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals. Canterbury University Press. ISBN 0-908812-52-3. OCLC 937349394. https://books.google.com/books?id=BXbwAAAAMAAJ. 
  4. ↑ "Delcourt's giant Gecko - Encyclopedia of Life". https://eol.org/pages/963547. 
  5. ↑ "Rodrigues giant day gecko – Encyclopedia of Life". https://eol.org/pages/1056085. 
  6. ↑ Pregill, G. K.; Worthy, T. H. (March 2003). "A New Iguanid Lizard (Squamata, Iguanidae) from the Late Quaternary of Fiji, Southwest Pacific". Herpetologica (The Herpetologists' League) 59 (1): 57–67. doi:10.1655/0018-0831(2003)059[0057:ANILSI2.0.CO;2]. https://www.academia.edu/601893. 
  7. ↑ Martin, A. (2006). 3. Aportaciones de D. Telesforo Bravo al conocimiento de la fauna de vertebrados terrestres de las islas Canarias. Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos de Canarias. pp. 71–92. ISBN 84-611-0482-X. http://www.iehcan.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/01/3_Mart%C3%ADn_2006.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Science & Nature – Sea Monsters – Fact File: Giant Mosasaur. BBC (2005-08-26)
  9. ↑ "Macroscincus coctei in the "Ilhéu Razo" (Cape Verde) del Dr. Franco Andreone". http://www.caboverde.com/nature/andreone.htm. 
  10. ↑ Greer AE (1976). "On the evolution of the giant Cape Verde scincid lizard Macroscincus coctei ". Journal of Natural History 10 (6): 691–712. doi:10.1080/00222937600770551. 
  11. ↑ Luís M.P. Ceríaco (2012). "From Cape Verde to the Netherlands via Portugal and France: the journey of an early specimen of the giant skink Chioninia coctei (Duméril & Bibron, 1839)". Zoologia Caboverdiana: 74–81. ISSN 2074-5737. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chioninia-coctei-Dumeril-Bibron-1839-RMNH-RENA-17057-Naturalis-Biodiversity_fig1_235696172. 
  12. ↑ James Evans (2021). Lizards of the World: A Guide to Every Family. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-78240-957-1. 
  13. ↑ "Island Weirdness #26 – The Mauritian Giant Skink". https://nixillustration.com/science-illustration/2019/island-weirdness-26-mauritian-giant-skink/. 
  14. ↑ Molnar, R. E. (2004). "The Long and Honorable History of Monitors and Their Kin". Varanoid Lizards of the World. Indiana University Press. p. 588. ISBN 978-0-253-34366-6. http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=21751. 
  15. ↑ Pianka, Eric R.; King, Dennis; King, Ruth Allen (2004). Varanoid Lizards of the World. Indiana University Press. pp. 33 to 38. ISBN 978-0253343666. https://books.google.com/books?id=0e3OuHRRoIQC. 
  16. ↑ Rieppel, O.; Grande, L. (July 2007). "The anatomy of the fossil varanid lizard Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870, based on a newly discovered complete skeleton". Journal of Paleontology 81 (4): 643–665. doi:10.1666/pleo0022-3360(2007)081[0643:TAOTFV2.0.CO;2]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/pleo0022-3360%282007%29081%5B0643%3ATAOTFV%5D2.0.CO%3B2. 
  17. ↑ Archibald, J. David (2011). Extinction and Radiation: How the Fall of Dinosaurs Led to the Rise of Mammals. JHU Press. p. 43. ISBN 9780801898051. https://books.google.com/books?id=FgOWThr_DS4C&q=Palaeosaniwa. 
  18. ↑ "Palaeosaniwa" from James Gurney: The World of Dinosaurs
  19. ↑ Longrich, Nicholas R.; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.; Gauthier, Jacques A. (2012-12-26). "Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (52): 21396–21401. doi:10.1073/pnas.1211526110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 23236177. 
  20. ↑ The first lizard fossil (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Mesozoic of South Korea. Cretaceous Research 55:292–302. - J.-Y. Park, S. E. Evans & M. Huh - 2015.
  21. ↑ Mo, J. Y.; Xu, X.; Evans, S. E. (2012). "A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of South China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 (2): 333. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.588254. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228117628. 



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