Biology:List of sauropod species
Sauropoda is a clade of dinosaurs that consists of roughly 300 species of large, long-necked herbivores and includes the largest terrestrial animals ever to exist. The first sauropod species were named in 1842 by Richard Owen, though at the time, he regarded them as unusual crocodilians. Sauropoda was named in 1878 by Othniel Marsh.[1]
Scope
For historical value, this list includes every sauropod species that has ever been formally named, regardless of whether the species is currently considered to be valid. Invalid species (i.e., species that are regarded as dubious or as a junior synonym of another species) are given a darker gray background.
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Phylogenetic relationships of near-sauropod sauropodomorphs according to McPhee and Choiniere 2018,[2] with Sauropoda sensu lato highlighted in pink and Sauropoda sensu stricto highlighted in red to show the difference between the two definitions |
The precise definition of Sauropoda is disputed. One proposed dividing line is to consider as sauropods all species more closely related to derived sauropods than Melanorosaurus, one of the most sauropod-like taxa historically classified as a "prosauropod". The other is to exclude from Sauropoda any species more distantly related to derived sauropods than Vulcanodon, one of the earliest and most basal taxa historically accepted as a sauropod. This leaves an interval of species more closely related to derived sauropods than Melanorosaurus but not so closely as Vulcanodon that are sauropods under one definition but not the other. Many characteristics of sauropods, such as opisthocoelous cervical vertebrae and columnar limbs, evolved within this transitional region, so that species within it may exhibit a combination of characteristics regarded as sauropod-like or non-sauropod-like.
For the purposes of this list, species whose phylogenetic position may fall within the interval between Melanorosaurus and Vulcanodon, or whose status as a sauropod is otherwise regarded as uncertain, are listed separately from unambiguous sauropods.
The third section of this list covers species that were once classified as sauropods, but have been reidentified as belonging to other groups.
The fourth section of this list covers informally named sauropod species.
Unambiguous sauropods
The following is a list of every species of sauropod that has ever been formally named, regardless of whether it is currently considered valid, dubious, or synonymous with another species. Invalid species are given a darker gray background. It does not contain species that have been recovered as basal to Vulcanodon by phylogenetic analysis, which are covered in a separate list below. The list contains the following information:
- Scientific name: The binomial name of the species, accompanied by a citation to the work in which the species was formally named.
- Status: The taxonomic status of the species, listing whether the species is currently regarded as valid, a nomen dubium, or as synonymous with another species.
- Authors: The list of people credited with naming the species.
- Date named: The date on which the species name is formally regarded as having first been published. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, only print publications and online works registered in ZooBank are considered to have been formally published,[3] so the date given is the date recorded by ZooBank or the date of print publication, if different from the date of online publication.
- Parent clade: The most specific clade that the species is uncontroversially regarded as belonging to. When sorted, this column will place the clades in phylogenetic order, not alphabetical.
- Age: The geological age of the species in millions of years ago. Ranges generally indicate uncertainty, not the known duration of the species, so the range of ages listed does not imply that the species existed for the entire duration of that range. When a numerical age range is not directly available, it is converted from the date range of the reported chronostratigraphic units.
- Location: A list of countries where fossils of the species have been found. In the case of invalid species, only where the type specimen was found.
- Notes: Miscellaneous notes, including what the species was originally called, if its genus assignment has been changed.
- Skeletal diagram: A diagram showing a hypothetical silhouette of the animal, which bones are known of the species, and a size comparison if possible. For valid species, this may be a composite of multiple specimens, but for invalid species, this shows only the type specimen of the species.
Scientific name | Taxonomic status | Authors | Date named | Parent clade | Age | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cetiosaurus longus Owen, 1842 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Owen | 1842 | 157.3–152.1 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian[5] |
United Kingdom | ||
Cetiosaurus medius Owen, 1842 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Owen | 1842 | Sauropoda[6] | 163.5–145 Ma Late Jurassic[7] |
United Kingdom | |
Cetiosaurus brevis Owen, 1842 |
Unclear[lower-alpha 1] | Owen | 1842 | Titanosauriformes[8] | 139.8–132.9 Ma Early Cretaceous: Valanginian[8] |
United Kingdom | |
Cardiodon rugulosus Owen, 1844 |
Nomen dubium[9] | Owen | 1844 | Eusauropoda | 174.1–163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic[5] |
United Kingdom | |
Cetiosaurus conybeari Melville, 1849 |
Objective junior synonym of Cetiosaurus brevis[10] | Melville | 1849 | Titanosauriformes[8] | 139.8–132.9 Ma Early Cretaceous: Valanginian[8] |
United Kingdom | |
Pelorosaurus conybeari Mantell, 1850 |
Unclear[lower-alpha 2] | Mantell | 1850 | Titanosauriformes[8] | 139.8–132.9 Ma Early Cretaceous: Valanginian[8] |
United Kingdom | Treated as a distinct taxon from Cetiosaurus conybeari by some authors[11][12][13] |
Aepisaurus elephantinus Gervais, 1852 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Gervais | 1852 | Sauropoda[16] | 113–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous: Albian[16] |
France | |
Oplosaurus armatus Gervais, 1852 |
Valid[8] | Gervais | 1852 | Eusauropoda[8] | 129.4–125 Ma Early Cretaceous: Barremian[8] |
United Kingdom | |
Haestasaurus becklesii (Mantell, 1852) |
Valid[17] | Mantell | 1852 | Eusauropoda[18] | 145–132.9 Ma Early Cretaceous: late Berriasian–Valanginian[17] |
United Kingdom | Originally Pelorosaurus becklesii |
Astrodon johnstoni Leidy, 1865 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Leidy | May 1865 | Titanosauriformes[19] | 125–113 Ma Early Cretaceous: Aptian[19] |
United States | |
Hypselosaurus priscus Matheron, 1869 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Matheron | 1869 | Titanosauria | 72.1–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Maastrichtian[16] |
France | |
Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley, 1869 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Seeley | 1869 | Titanosauriformes[20] | 113–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous: late Albian[20] |
United Kingdom | |
Gigantosaurus megalonyx Seeley, 1869 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Seeley | 1869 | Sauropoda[21] | 157.3–152.1 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian[21] |
United Kingdom | A chimera of sauropod and non-sauropod specimens |
Ornithopsis hulkei Seeley, 1870 |
Valid[8] | Seeley | 1870 | Titanosauriformes[8] | 129.4–125 Ma Early Cretaceous: Barremian[8] |
United Kingdom[8] | |
Acanthopholis platypus Seeley, 1871 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Seeley | 1871 | Titanosauriformes[20] | 113–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous: late Albian[22] |
United Kingdom | A chimera of sauropod and ankylosaur specimens |
Cetiosaurus oxoniensis Phillips, 1871 |
Valid[5] | Phillips | 1871 | Cetiosauridae | 168.3–166.1 Ma Middle Jurassic: Bathonian[5] |
United Kingdom | |
Cetiosaurus glymptonensis Phillips, 1871 |
Valid[5] | Phillips | 1871 | Diplodocoidea?[5] | United Kingdom | ||
Morinosaurus typus Sauvage, 1874 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Sauvage | 1874 | Sauropoda | France | ||
Duriatitan humerocristatus (Hulke, 1874) |
Valid[23] | Hulke | 1874 | Titanosauriformes[23] | 157.3–152.1 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian[23] |
United Kingdom | Originally Ceteosaurus humero-cristatus [sic][24] |
Bothriospondylus suffossus Owen, 1875 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Owen | 1875 | Neosauropoda[25] | 157.3–152.1 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian[25] |
United Kingdom | |
Bothriospondylus elongatus Owen, 1875 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Owen | 1875 | Sauropoda[25] | 145–132.9 Ma Early Cretaceous: Berriasian–Valanginian[25] |
United Kingdom | |
Bothriospondylus magnus Owen, 1875 |
Objective junior synonym of Ornithopsis hulkei | Owen | 1875 | Titanosauriformes | 129.4–125 Ma Early Cretaceous: Barremian[25] |
United Kingdom | |
Bothriospondylus robustus Owen, 1875 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Owen | 1875 | Macronaria[25] | 168.3–166.1 Ma Middle Jurassic: Bathonian[25] |
United Kingdom | |
Chondrosteosaurus gigas Owen, 1876 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Owen | 1876 | Camarasauromorpha[lower-alpha 3] | United Kingdom | ||
Iguanodon praecursor Sauvage, 1876 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Sauvage | 1876 | France | |||
Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker, 1877 |
Nomen dubium[28] | Lydekker | 1877 | Titanosauria | India | ||
Dystrophaeus viaemalae Cope, 1877 |
May be a nomen dubium[4][29] | Cope | 1877 | United States | |||
Atlantosaurus montanus (Marsh, 1877) |
Nomen dubium | Marsh | 1877 | United States | Originally Titanosaurus montanus[lower-alpha 4] | ||
Camarasaurus supremus Cope, 1877 |
Valid[31] | Cope | 1877 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Caulodon diversidens Cope, 1877 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus supremus[31] | Cope | 1877 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Amphicoelias altus Cope, 1877 |
Valid[32] | Cope | Dec 10, 1877 | Diplodocoidea[32] | 150.4–149.2 Ma[32] Late Jurassic: early Tithonian |
United States | |
Amphicoelias latus Cope, 1877 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus supremus[31] or C. grandis[33] | Cope | Dec 10, 1877 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Apatosaurus ajax Marsh, 1877 |
Valid | Marsh | Dec 1877 | Apatosaurinae | United States | ||
Camarasaurus grandis (Marsh, 1877) |
Valid | Marsh | Dec 1877 | Camarasauridae | United States | Originally Apatosaurus grandis | |
Caulodon leptoganus Cope, 1878 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus supremus[31] | Cope | 1878 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Atlantosaurus immanis Marsh, 1878 |
Nomen dubium[29] | Marsh | 1878 | Apatosaurinae | United States | ||
Morosaurus impar Marsh, 1878 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus grandis.[31] | Marsh | 1878 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Diplodocus longus Marsh, 1878 |
Disputed; either valid or nomen dubium[lower-alpha 5] | Marsh | 1878 | Diplodocinae | United States | ||
Morosaurus robustus Marsh, 1878 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus grandis[31] | Marsh | 1878 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
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Disputed; may be valid[35] or junior subjective synonym of Amphicoelias altus[36] | Cope | 1878 | Rebbachisauridae?[35][32] | United States | Originally Amphicoelias fragillimus. Only known specimen lost soon after publication. | |
Apatosaurus laticollis Marsh, 1879 |
Nomen dubium[29] | Marsh | 1879 | Apatosaurinae | United States | ||
Brontosaurus excelsus Marsh, 1879 |
Valid | Marsh | 1879 | Apatosaurinae | United States | Known as Apatosaurus excelsus from 1903 to 2015[29] | |
Camarasaurus leptodirus Cope, 1879 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus supremus[31] | Cope | 1879 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Titanosaurus blanfordi Lydekker, 1879 |
Nomen dubium[28] | Lydekker | 1879 | India | |||
Brontosaurus amplus Marsh, 1881 |
Subjective junior synonym of Brontosaurus excelsus[29] | Marsh | 1881 | Apatosaurinae | United States | ||
Ornithopsis eucamerotus Hulke, 1882 |
Nomen dubium[4][8] | Hulke | 1882 | United Kingdom | |||
Diplodocus lacustris Marsh, 1884 |
Nomen dubium[29] | Marsh | 1884 | Flagellicaudata[29] | United States | ||
Dinodocus mackesoni Owen, 1884 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Owen | 1884 | Macronaria[20] | United Kingdom | ||
Neosodon Moussaye, 1885 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Moussaye | 1885 | France | No species name given. | ||
Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke, 1887 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Hulke | 1887 | United Kingdom | |||
Pleurocoelus nanus Marsh, 1888 |
Nomen dubium[37] | Marsh | 1888 | United States | |||
Pleurocoelus altus Marsh, 1888 |
Nomen dubium[37] | Marsh | 1888 | United States | |||
Ornithopsis manseli Lydekker, 1888 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Lydekker | 1888 | United Kingdom | Originally Ischyrosaurus, with no species name given[lower-alpha 6] | ||
Pleurocoelus valdensis Lydekker, 1889 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Lydekker | 1889 | Titanosauriformes[8] | United Kingdom | ||
Smitanosaurus agilis (Marsh, 1889) |
Valid[39] | Marsh | 1889 | Dicraeosauridae[39] | 152 Ma[39] Late Jurassic |
United States | Originally Morosaurus agilis |
Camarasaurus lentus (Marsh, 1889) |
Valid | Marsh | 1889 | Camarasauridae | United States | Originally Morosaurus lentus | |
Barosaurus lentus Marsh, 1890 |
Valid | Marsh | 1890 | Diplodocinae | United States | ||
Argyrosaurus superbus Lydekker, 1893 |
Valid | Lydekker | 1893 | Titanosauria | Argentina | ||
Titanosaurus nanus Lydekker, 1893 |
Nomen dubium[28] | Lydekker | 1893 | Argentina | |||
Microcoelus patagonicus Lydekker, 1893 |
Nomen dubium[40] | Lydekker | 1893 | Argentina | Microsaurus and Microsaurops are erroneous names for Microcoelus.[41] | ||
Neuquensaurus australis (Lydekker, 1893) |
Valid | Lydekker | 1893 | Saltasaurini | Argentina | Originally Titanosaurus australis | |
Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lydekker, 1895 |
Potentially valid[25] | Lydekker | 1895 | Eusauropoda[25] | 168.3–166.1 Ma Middle Jurassic: Bathonian[25] |
Madagascar | |
Titanosaurus madagascariensis Deperet, 1896 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Deperet | 1896 | Madagascar | |||
Pleurocoelus montanus Marsh, 1896 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus grandis[31] | Marsh | 1896 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Clasmodosaurus spatula Ameghino, 1898 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Ameghino | 1898 | Argentina | |||
Barosaurus affinis Marsh, 1899 |
Nomen dubium[29] | Marsh | Mar 1899 | Eusauropoda[29] | United States | ||
Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher, 1901 |
Valid[29] | Hatcher | 1901 | Diplodocinae | 157.3–145 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian-Tithonian |
United States | |
Brontosaurus parvus (Peterson and Gilmore, 1902) |
Valid[29] | Peterson and Gilmore | May 1, 1902 | Apatosaurinae | 157.3–145 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian-Tithonian |
United States | Originally Elosaurus parvus |
Haplocanthosaurus priscus (Hatcher, 1903) |
Valid | Hatcher | Feb 21, 1903 | Haplocanthosauridae | 157.3–145 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian-Tithonian |
United States | Originally Haplocanthus priscus[lower-alpha 7] |
Haplocanthosaurus utterbacki Hatcher, 1903 |
Subjective junior synonym of Haplocanthosaurus priscus[4] | Hatcher | 1903 | Haplocanthosauridae | 157.3–145 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian-Tithonian |
United States | |
Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs, 1903 |
Valid[44] | Riggs | 1903 | Brachiosauridae | 157.3–145 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian-Tithonian[44] |
United States[44] | |
Algoasaurus bauri Broom, 1904 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Broom | 1904 | Eusauropoda[45] | 139.8–129.4 Ma Early Cretaceous Valanginian–Hauterivian[45] |
South Africa | |
Tornieria africana (Fraas, 1908) |
Valid[29] | Fraas | 1908 | Diplodocinae | Tanzania | Originally Gigantosaurus africanus [lower-alpha 8] | |
Janenschia robusta (Fraas, 1908)) |
Valid | Fraas | 1908 | Eusauropoda | Tanzania | Originally Gigantosaurus robustus. | |
Dicraeosaurus hansemanni Janensch, 1914 |
Valid | Janensch | 1914 | Dicraeosauridae | Tanzania | ||
Dicraeosaurus sattleri Janensch, 1914 |
Valid | Janensch | 1914 | Dicraeosauridae | Tanzania | ||
Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch, 1914) |
Valid | Janensch | 1914 | Brachiosauridae | Tanzania | Originally Brachiosaurus brancai | |
Brachiosaurus fraasi Janensch, 1914 |
Subjective junior synonym of Giraffatitan brancai | Janensch | 1914 | Brachiosauridae | Tanzania | ||
Magyarosaurus dacus (Nopcsa, 1915) |
Valid | Nopcsa | 1915 | Romania | Originally Titanosaurus dacus | ||
Apatosaurus louisae Holland, 1916 |
Valid[29] | Holland | 1916 | Apatosaurinae | United States | ||
Apatosaurus minimus Mook, 1917 |
Mook | 1917 | United States | ||||
Uintasaurus douglassi Holland, 1919 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus lentus[31] | Holland | 1919 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Amanzia greppini (Huene, 1922) |
Valid | Huene | 1922 | Switzerland | Originally Ornithopsis (?) greppini | ||
Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore, 1922 |
Valid | Gilmore | Jan 31, 1922 | United States | |||
Galeamopus hayi (Holland, 1924) |
Valid[29] | Holland | 1924 | Diplodocinae | United States | Originally Diplodocus hayi | |
Asiatosaurus mongoliensis Osborn, 1924 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Osborn | 1924 | Mongolia | |||
Rhoetosaurus brownei Longman, 1926 |
Valid | Longman | 1926 | Australia | |||
Malawisaurus dixeyi (Haughton, 1928) |
Valid | Haughton | 1928 | Malawi | Originally Gigantosaurus dixeyi | ||
Antarctosaurus giganteus Huene, 1929 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Huene | 1929 | Argentina | |||
Antarctosaurus wichmannianus Huene, 1929 |
Valid | Huene | 1929 | Argentina | |||
Titanosaurus lydekkeri Huene, 1929 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Huene | 1929 | United Kingdom | |||
Loricosaurus scutatus Huene, 1929 |
Nomen dubium | Huene | 1929 | Argentina | |||
Laplatasaurus araukanicus Huene, 1929 |
Valid | Huene | 1929 | Argentina | |||
Neuquensaurus robustus (Huene, 1929) |
Nomen dubium[46] | Huene | 1929 | Argentina | Originally Titanosaurus robustus | ||
Campylodoniscus ameghinoi (Huene, 1929) |
Nomen dubium[4] | Huene | 1929 | Argentina | |||
Iuticosaurus valdensis (Huene, 1929) |
Nomen dubium[4] | Huene | 1929 | United Kingdom | |||
Euhelopus zdanskyi (Wiman, 1929) |
Valid | Wiman | 1929 | China | |||
Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus Huene, 1932 |
Junior subjective synonym of Magyarosaurus dacus | Huene | 1932 | Romania | |||
Magyarosaurus hungaricus Huene, 1932 |
Valid | Huene | 1932 | Romania | |||
Aegyptosaurus baharijensis Stromer, 1932 |
Valid | Stromer | 1932 | Titanosauria | 100.5–93.9 Ma Late Cretaceous: Cenomanian |
Egypt | |
Mongolosaurus haplodon Gilmore, 1933 |
Valid[47] | Gilmore | Dec 4, 1933 | Titanosauria[47] | 125–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous: Aptian–Albian |
China[47] | |
Jainosaurus septentrionalis (Huene & Matley, 1933) |
Valid[48] | Huene and Matley | 1933 | India | |||
Austrosaurus mckillopi Longman, 1933 |
Valid[49] | Longman | 1933 | Somphospondyli?[49] | 113–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous: late Albian |
Australia | |
Tienshanosaurus chitaiensis Young, 1937 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Young | 1937 | China | |||
Antarctosaurus jaxarticus Riabinin, 1938 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Riabinin | 1938 | Kazakhstan | |||
Omeisaurus junghsiensis Young, 1939 |
Valid | Young | 1939 | China | |||
Titanosaurus falloti Hoffet, 1942 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Hoffet | 1942 | Laos | |||
Sanpasaurus yaoi Young, 1944 |
Valid[50] | Young | 1944 | China | |||
Camarasaurus annae Ellinger, 1950 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camarasaurus lentus.[31] | Ellinger | 1950 | Camarasauridae | United States | ||
Chiayusaurus lacustris Bohlin, 1953 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Bohlin | 1953 | China | |||
Mamenchisaurus constructus Young, 1954 |
Valid | Young | 1954 | China | |||
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Valid | Lavocat | 1954 | Morocco | |||
Cetiosaurus mogrebensis Lapparent, 1955 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Lapparent | 1955 | Morocco | |||
Lusotitan atalaiensis (Lapparent & Zbyszewski, 1957) |
Valid | Lapparent and Zbyszewski | 1957 | Portugal | Originally Brachiosaurus atalaiensis | ||
Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis (Lapparent & Zbyszewski, 1957) |
Valid | Lapparent and Zbyszewski | 1957 | Portugal | Originally Apatosaurus alenquerensis | ||
Mamenchisaurus changshouensis (Young, 1958) |
Nomen dubium[4] | Young | 1958 | China | Originally Omeisaurus changshouensis[lower-alpha 9] | ||
Brachiosaurus nougaredi Lapparent, 1960 |
Nomen dubium | Lapparent | 1960 | Algeria | |||
Rebbachisaurus tamesnensis Lapparent, 1960 |
Nomen dubium | Lapparent | 1960 | Niger | |||
Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis Nowinski, 1971 |
Valid | Nowinski | 1971 | Mongolia | |||
Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Arid & Vizotto, 1971 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Arid and Vizotto | 1971 | Brazil | |||
Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Young & Zhao, 1972 |
Valid | Young and Zhao | 1972 | China | |||
Vulcanodon karibaensis Raath, 1972 |
Valid | Raath | Jul 31, 1972 | Vulcanodontidae | 199.3–182.7 Ma Early Jurassic: Sinemurian–Pliensbachian[54] |
Zimbabwe | |
Asiatosaurus kwangshiensis Hou et al., 1975 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Hou, Yeh, and Zhao | 1975 | China | |||
Barapasaurus tagorei Jain et al., 1975 |
Valid | Jain, Kutty, Roy-Chowdhury, and Chatterjee | 1975 | India | |||
Chubutisaurus insignis Del Corro, 1975 |
Valid | Del Corro | 1975 | Argentina | |||
Zigongosaurus fuxiensis Hou et al., 1976 |
Hou, Zhao, and Chao | 1976 | China | ||||
Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977 |
Valid; possibly a junior subjective synonym of Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis.[55] | Borsuk-Białynicka | 1977 | Mongolia | |||
Nemegtosaurus pachi Dong, 1977 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Dong | 1977 | China | |||
Ohmdenosaurus liasicus Wild, 1978 |
Valid | Wild | Dec 1, 1978 | Germany | |||
Patagosaurus fariasi Bonaparte, 1979 |
Valid | Bonaparte | 1979 | Argentina | |||
Cetiosauriscus stewarti Charig, 1980 |
Valid | Charig | 1980 | United Kingdom | |||
Saltasaurus loricatus Bonaparte & Powell, 1980 |
Valid | Bonaparte and Powell | 1980 | Argentina | |||
Quaesitosaurus orientalis Kurzanov and Bannikov, 1983 |
Valid | Kurzanov and Bannikov | 1983 | Mongolia | |||
Ultrasaurus tabriensis Kim, 1983 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Kim | 1983 | South Korea | |||
Zizhongosaurus chuanchengensis Dong et al., 1983 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Dong, Zhou, and Zhang | 1983 | China | |||
Shunosaurus lii Dong et al., 1983 |
Valid | Dong, Zhou, and Zhang | 1983 | China | |||
Omeisaurus fuxiensis Dong et al., 1983 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Dong, Zhou, and Zhang | 1983 | Mamenchisauridae | China | ||
Datousaurus bashanensis Dong & Tang, 1984 |
Valid | Dong and Tang | 1984 | China | |||
Omeisaurus tianfuensis He et al., 1984 |
Valid | He, Li, Cai, and Gao | 1984 | China | |||
Supersaurus vivianae Jensen, 1985 |
Valid[29] | Jensen | 1985 | Diplodocinae | United States | ||
Ultrasauros mcintoshi (Jensen, 1985) |
Subjective junior synonym of Supersaurus vivianae | Jensen | 1985 | Diplodocinae | United States | Originally Ultrasaurus mcintoshi[lower-alpha 10] | |
Dystylosaurus edwini Jensen, 1985 |
Subjective junior synonym of Supersaurus vivianae | Jensen | 1985 | Diplodocinae | United States | ||
Lapparentosaurus madagascariensis Bonaparte, 1986 |
Bonaparte | 1986 | Madagascar | ||||
Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi Yadagiri & Ayyasami, 1987 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Yadagiri and Ayyasami | 1987 | India | Only known specimens never collected and lost | ||
Titanosaurus rahioliensis Mathur & Srivastava, 1987 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Mathur and Srivastava | 1987 | India | |||
Aeolosaurus rionegrinus Powell, 1987 |
Valid | Powell | 1987 | Argentina | |||
Aragosaurus ischiaticus Sanz et al., 1987 |
Valid | Sanz, Buscalioni, Casanovas, and Santafé | 1987 | Spain | |||
Camarasaurus lewisi (Jensen, 1988) |
Valid; possibly a junior subjective synonym of Camarasaurus grandis[31] | Jensen | Apr 30, 1988 | Camarasauridae | United States | Originally Cathetosaurus lewisi | |
Haplocanthosaurus delfsi McIntosh & Williams, 1988 |
Valid | McIntosh and Williams | Jul 1988 | Haplocanthosauridae | United States | ||
Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis Yadagiri, 1988 |
Yadagiri | 1988 | India | ||||
Protognathosaurus oxyodon (Zhang, 1988) |
Nomen dubium[4] | Zhang | 1988 | China | Originally Protognathus oxyodon[lower-alpha 11] | ||
Omeisaurus luoquanensis Li in He et al., 1988 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Li | 1988 | China | |||
Abrosaurus dongpoensis Ouyang, 1989 |
Ouyang | 1989 | China | ||||
Epachthosaurus sciuttoi Powell, 1990 |
Valid | Powell | 1990 | Argentina | |||
Bellusaurus sui Dong, 1990 |
Valid | Dong | 1990 | China | |||
Amargasaurus cazaui Salgado & Bonaparte, 1991 |
Valid | Salgado and Bonaparte | 1991 | Dicraeosauridae | Argentina | ||
Diplodocus hallorum (Gillette, 1991) |
Valid[29] | Gillette | 1991 | Diplodocinae | United States | Originally Seismosaurus halli. | |
Andesaurus delgadoi Calvo & Bonaparte, 1991 |
Valid | Calvo and Bonaparte | 1991 | Argentina | |||
Dyslocosaurus polyonychius McIntosh et al., 1992 |
Valid[29] | McIntosh, Coombs, and Russell | 1992 | United States | |||
Argentinosaurus huinculensis Bonaparte & Coria, 1993 Error creating thumbnail: convert-im6.q16: width or height exceeds limit `/tmp/magick-Fq7N9hnkbD5gdFnURyjp07CqT_21zZ05' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3909. convert-im6.q16: no images defined `PNG:/tmp/transform_c4f5981d5066.png' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3229.
|
Valid | Bonaparte and Coria | 1993 | Argentina | |||
Klamelisaurus gobiensis Zhao, 1993 |
Valid | Zhao | 1993 | China | |||
Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum Russell & Zheng, 1994 |
Valid | Russell and Zheng | 1994[lower-alpha 12] | China | |||
Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin et al., 1994 |
Valid | Martin, Buffetaut, and Suteethorn | 1994 | Thailand | |||
Brontosaurus yahnahpin Filla & Redman, 1994 |
Valid[29] | Filla and Redman | 1994 | United States | Originally Apatosaurus yahnahpin | ||
Eucamerotus foxi Blows, 1995 |
Valid[8] | Blows | 1995 | 129.4–125.0 Ma (Early Cretaceous: Barremian)[8] |
United Kingdom | Originally named Eucamerotus, with no species given, by John W. Hulke in 1871. | |
Ampelosaurus atacis Le Loeuff, 1995 |
Valid | Le Loeuff | 1995 | France | |||
Limaysaurus tessonei (Calvo & Salgado, 1995) |
Valid | Calvo and Salgado | 1995 | Argentina | Originally Rebbachisaurus tessonei. | ||
Mamenchisaurus youngi Pi et al., 1996 |
Valid | Pi, Ouyang, and Ye | 1996 | China | |||
Pellegrinisaurus powelli Salgado, 1996 |
Valid[57] | Salgado | 1996 | 83.6–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Campanian–Maastrichtian |
Argentina | ||
Qinlingosaurus luonanensis Xue et al. in Xue et al., 1996 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Xue, Zhang, and Bi | 1996 | Neosauropoda?[58] | 72.1–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Maastrichtian?[58] |
China | |
Rayososaurus agrioensis Bonaparte, 1996 |
Valid | Bonaparte | 1996 | Argentina | |||
Mamenchisaurus anyuensis He et al., 1996 |
Valid | He, Yang, Cai, Li, and Liu | 1996 | China | |||
Isisaurus colberti (Jain & Bandyopadhyay, 1997) |
Valid | Jain and Bandyopadhyay | 1997 | India | Originally Titanosaurus colberti | ||
Chiayusaurus asianensis Lee et al., 1997 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Lee, Yang, and Park | 1997 | Titanosauriformes[59] | 132.9–129.4 Ma Early Cretaceous: Hauterivian[59] |
South Korea | |
Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997 |
Valid[60] | Dong | 1997 | 157.3–145 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian–Tithonian |
China | ||
Sonorasaurus thompsoni Ratkevich, 1998 |
Valid[61] | Ratkevich | 1998 | United States | |||
Histriasaurus boscarollii Dalla Vecchia, 1998 |
Valid[62] | Dalla Vecchia | 1998 | Croatia | |||
Mamenchisaurus jingyanensis Zhang et al., 1998 |
Zhang, Li, and Zeng | 1998 | China | ||||
Agustinia ligabuei Bonaparte, 1999 |
Valid[63] | Bonaparte | 1999 | Rebbachisauridae[63] | Argentina | ||
Tehuelchesaurus benitezii Rich et al., 1999 |
Valid | Rich, Vickers-Rich, Gimenez, Cúneo, Puerta, and Vacca | 1999 | Argentina | |||
Gondwanatitan faustoi Kellner & de Azevedo, 1999 |
Valid | Kellner and de Azevedo | 1999 | Brazil | |||
Jobaria tiguidensis Sereno et al., 1999 |
Valid | Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Larsson, Lyon, Moussa, Sadleir, Sidor, Varricchio, Wilson, and Wilson | Nov 12, 1999 | Niger | |||
Nigersaurus taqueti Sereno et al., 1999 |
Valid | Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Larsson, Lyon, Moussa, Sadleir, Sidor, Varricchio, Wilson, and Wilson | Nov 12, 1999 | Niger | |||
Cedarosaurus weiskopfae Tidwell et al., 1999 |
Valid | Tidwell, Carpenter, and Brooks | 1999 | United States | |||
Lirainosaurus astibiae Sanz et al., 1999 |
Valid | Sanz, Powell, Le Loeuff, Martinez, and Pereda Suberbiola | 1999 | Spain | |||
Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis Bonaparte & Mateus, 1999 |
Valid[29] | Bonaparte and Mateus | 1999 | Diplodocinae | Portugal | ||
Atlasaurus imelakei Monbaron et al., 1999 |
Valid | Monbaron, Russell, and Taquet | 1999 | Morocco | |||
Tangvayosaurus hoffeti Allain et al., 1999 |
Valid | Allain, Taquet, Battail, Dejax, Richir, Véran, Limon-Duparcemeur, Vacant, Mateus, Sayarath, Khentavong, and Phouyavong | 1999 | Laos | |||
Sauroposeidon proteles Wedel et al., 2000 |
Valid | Wedel, Cifelli, and Sanders | Mar 2000 | Somphospondyli | 125–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous: Aptian–Albian |
United States | |
Tendaguria tanzaniensis Bonaparte et al., 2000 |
Valid | Bonaparte, Heinrich, and Wild | Mar 2000 | Tanzania | |||
Huabeisaurus allocotus Pang and Cheng, 2000 |
Valid | Pang and Cheng | Jun 2000 | China | |||
Rocasaurus muniozi Salgado and Azpilicueta, 2000 |
Valid | Salgado and Azpilicueta | Sep 30, 2000 | Argentina | |||
Chuanjiesaurus anaensis Fang et al., 2000 |
Valid | Fang, Long, Lü, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Li, and Cheng | 2000 | Mamenchisauridae | China | ||
Paralititan stromeri Smith et al., 2001 |
Valid | Smith, Lamanna, Lacovara, Dodson, Smith, Poole, Giegengack, and Attia | Jun 1, 2001 | Egypt | |||
Rapetosaurus krausei Curry Rogers & Forster, 2001 |
Valid | Curry Rogers and Forster | Aug 2, 2001 | Madagascar | |||
Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis Tang et al., 2001 |
Valid | Tang, Kang, Jin, Wei, and Wu | Oct 2001 | Somphospondyli | China | ||
Omeisaurus maoianus Tang et al., 2001 |
Valid | Tang, Jin, Kang, and Zhang | Oct 2001 | Mamenchisauridae | China | ||
Losillasaurus giganteus Casanovas et al., 2001 |
Valid[64] | Casanovas, Santafé, and Sanz | 2001 | Turiasauria | Spain | ||
Pukyongosaurus milleniumi Dong et al., 2001 |
Nomen dubium[65] | Dong, Paik, and Kim | 2001 | Titanosauriformes[65] | 125–113 Ma Early Cretaceous: Aptian |
South Korea | |
Venenosaurus dicrocei Tidwell et al., 2001 |
Valid | Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer | 2001 | United States | |||
Amazonsaurus maranhensis Carvalho et al., 2003 |
Valid | Carvalho, Avilla, and Salgado | Dec 2003 | Brazil | |||
Gobititan shenzhouensis You et al., 2003 |
Valid | You, Tang, and Luo | 2003 | China | |||
Ferganasaurus verzilini Alfanov & Averianov, 2003 |
Valid | Alifanov and Averianov | 2003 | Kyrgyzstan | |||
Mendozasaurus neguyelap González Riga, 2003 |
Valid | González Riga | 2003 | Argentina | |||
Rinconsaurus caudamirus Calvo & González Riga, 2003 |
Valid | Calvo and González Riga | 2003 | Argentina | |||
Borealosaurus wimani You et al., 2004 |
Valid | You, Ji, Lamanna, Li, and Li | 2004 | China | |||
Bonatitan reigi Martinelli & Forasiepi, 2004 |
Valid | Martinelli and Forasiepi | 2004 | Argentina | |||
Suuwassea emilieae Harris & Dodson, 2004 |
Valid | Harris and Dodson | 2004 | Dicraeosauridae | United States | ||
Tazoudasaurus naimi Allain et al., 2004 |
Valid | Allain, Aquesbi, Dejax, Meyer, Monbaron, Montenat, Richir, Rochdy, Russell, and Taquet | 2004 | Vulcanodontidae | Morocco | ||
Mamenchisaurus yunnanensis Fang et al., 2004 |
Nomen dubium | Fang, Zhao, Lu, and Cheng | Oct 2004 | Mamenchisauridae | China | ||
Bashunosaurus kaijiangensis Kuang, 2004 |
Valid | Kuang | Nov 2004 | Eusauropoda | China | ||
Shunosaurus jiangyiensis Fu & Zhang, 2004 |
Valid | Fu and Zhang | 2004 | 174.1–163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic |
China | Probably does not belong to Shunosaurus[66] | |
Bonitasaura salgadoi Apesteguía, 2004 |
Valid | Apesteguía | 2004 | Argentina | |||
Brachytrachelopan mesai Rauhut et al., 2005 |
Valid | Rauhut, Remes, Fechner, Cladera, and Puerta | Jun 2, 2005 | Dicraeosauridae | 152.1–145.0 Ma (Late Jurassic: Tithonian) |
Argentina | |
Daanosaurus zhangi Ye et al., 2005 |
Valid | Ye, Gao, and Jiang | Jul 2005 | China | |||
Galveosaurus herreroi Sánchez-Hernández, 2005 |
Valid, but disputed whether Galveosaurus herreroi or Galvesaurus herreroi has priority as the correct name | Sánchez-Hernández | Aug 11, 2005 | 152.1–139.8 Ma Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous: Tithonian–Berriasian |
Spain | Galveosaurus herreroi and Galvesaurus herreroi are based on the same skeleton but named by different authors, who have disputed which name is legitimate. | |
Galvesaurus herreroi Barco et al., 2005 |
Barco, Canudo, Cuenca-Bescós, and Ruiz-Omeñaca | 2005[lower-alpha 13] | |||||
Archaeodontosaurus descouensi Buffetaut, 2005 |
Valid | Buffetaut | 2005 | Madagascar | |||
Chebsaurus algeriensis Mahammed et al., 2005 |
Valid | Mahammed, Läng, Mami, Mekhali, Benhamou, Bouterfa, Kacemi, Chérief, Chaouati, and Taquet | 2005 | Algeria | |||
Puertasaurus reuili Novas et al., 2005 |
Valid | Novas, Salgado, Calvo, and Agnolin | 2005 | Argentina | |||
Dashanpusaurus dongi Peng et al., 2005 |
Valid | Peng, Ye, Gao, Shu, and Jiang | 2005 | Eusauropoda[68] | China | ||
Karongasaurus gittelmani Gomani, 2005 |
Valid | Gomani | 2005 | Malawi | |||
Cathartesaura anaerobica Gallina & Apesteguía, 2005 |
Valid | Gallina and Apesteguía | 2005 | Argentina | |||
Baurutitan britoi Kellner et al., 2005 |
Valid | Kellner, Campos, and Trotta | 2005 | Brazil | |||
Trigonosaurus pricei Campos et al., 2005 |
Disputed; has been argued to be a junior subjective synonym of Baurutitan britoi[69] but this is not accepted by all researchers[70] | Campos, Kellner, Bertini, and Santucci | 2005 | Titanosauria | 72.1–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Maastrichtian |
Brazil | |
Sonidosaurus saihangaobiensis Xu et al., 2006 |
Valid | Xu, Zhang, Tan, Zhao, and Tan | Feb 2006 | China | |||
Yuanmousaurus jiangyiensis Lü et al., 2006 |
Valid | Lü, Li, Ji, Wang, Zhang, and Dong | Feb 2006 | China | |||
Erketu ellisoni Ksepka & Norell, 2006 |
Valid | Ksepka and Norell | Mar 16, 2006 | Mongolia | |||
Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Wu et al., 2006 |
Nomen dubium[71] | Wu, Dong, Sun, Li, and Li | Mar 2006 | Titanosauriformes[20] | 125–93.9 Ma Cretaceous: Aptian–Cenomanian[20] |
China | |
Europasaurus holgeri Mateus et al. in Sander et al., 2006 |
Valid[72] | Mateus, Laven, and Knötschke | Jun 8, 2006 | 157.3–152.1 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian |
Germany | ||
Maxakalisaurus topai Kellner et al., 2006 |
Valid | Kellner, Campos, de Azevedo, Trotta, Henriques, Craik, and de Paula Silva | Aug 11, 2006 | Brazil | |||
Fusuisaurus zhaoi Mo et al., 2006 |
Valid | Mo, Wang, Huang, Huang, and Xu | Aug 2006 | China | |||
Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis You et al., 2006 |
Valid | You, Li, Zhou, and Ji | Sep 2006 | China | |||
Turiasaurus riodevensis Royo-Torres et al., 2006 |
Valid | Royo-Torres, Cobos, and Alcalá | Dec 22, 2006 | 152.1–139.8 Ma Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous: Tithonian–Berriasian |
Spain | ||
Adamantisaurus mezzalirai Santucci & Bertini, 2006 |
Valid | Santucci and Bertini | 2006 | Brazil | |||
Ligabuesaurus leanzai Bonaparte et al., 2006 |
Valid | Bonaparte, González Riga, and Apesteguía | 2006 | Argentina | |||
Zapalasaurus bonapartei Salgado et al., 2006 |
Valid | Salgado, Carvalho, and Garrido | 2006 | Argentina | |||
Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis Casal et al., 2007 |
Valid | Casal, Martínez, Luna, Sciutto, and Lamanna | 2007 | Aeolosaurini | Argentina | ||
Muyelensaurus pecheni Calvo et al., 2007 |
Valid | Calvo, González-Riga, and Porfiri | 2007 | Rinconsauria | Argentina | ||
Australodocus bohetii Remes, 2007 |
Valid | Remes | 2007 | Somphospondyli | Tanzania | ||
Amargatitanis macni Apesteguía, 2007 |
Valid[73] | Apesteguía | 2007 | Dicraeosauridae[73] | Argentina | ||
Xenoposeidon proneneukos Taylor & Naish, 2007 |
Valid[74] | Taylor and Naish | 2007 | Rebbachisauridae[74] | United Kingdom | ||
Nopcsaspondylus alarconensis Apesteguía, 2007 |
Valid | Apesteguía | 2007 | Rebbachisauridae | Argentina | ||
Dongbeititan dongi Wang et al., 2007 |
Valid | Wang, You, Meng, Gao, Cheng, and Liu | 2007 | China | |||
Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al., 2007 |
Valid | Lü, Xu, Zhang, Hu, Wu, Jia, and Ji | 2007 | China | |||
Paluxysaurus jonesi Rose, 2007 |
Junior subjective synonym of Sauroposeidon proteles[37] | Rose | 2007 | Titanosauriformes | United States | ||
Futalognkosaurus dukei Calvo et al., 2007 |
Valid | Calvo, Porfiri, González-Riga, and Kellner | 2007 | Argentina | |||
Eomamenchisaurus yuanmouensis Lü et al., 2008 |
Valid | Lü, Li, Zhong, Ji, and Li | Feb 2008 | 174.1–163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic |
China | ||
Daxiatitan binglingi You et al., 2008 |
Valid | You, Li, Zhou, and Ji | Apr 2008 | China | |||
Dongyangosaurus sinensis Lü et al., 2008 |
Valid | Lü, Azuma, Chen, Zheng, and Jin | Apr 2008 | China | |||
Qingxiusaurus youjiangensis Mo et al., 2008 |
Valid | Mo, Huang, Zhao, Wang, and Xu | Apr 2008 | China | |||
Pitekunsaurus macayai Filippi & Garrido, 2008 |
Valid | Filippi and Garrido | Sep 30, 2008 | Argentina | |||
Tastavinsaurus sanzi Canudo et al., 2008 |
Valid | Canudo, Royo-Torres, and Cuenca-Bescós | Sep 2008 | 125.0–113.0 Ma (Early Cretaceous: early Aptian) |
Spain |
||
Malarguesaurus florenciae González Riga et al., 2008 |
Valid | González Riga, Previtera, and Pirrone | 2008[lower-alpha 14] | 93.9–86.3 Ma (Late Cretaceous: Turonian–Coniacian) |
Argentina | ||
Uberabatitan ribeiroi Salgado & Carvalho, 2008 |
Valid | Salgado and Carvalho | 2008 | Brazil | |||
Ruyangosaurus giganteus Lü et al., 2009 |
Valid | Lü, Xu, Jia, Zhang, Zhang, Yang, You, and Ji | Jan 2009 | China | |||
Baotianmansaurus henanensis Zhang et al., 2009 |
Valid | Zhang, Lü, Xu, Li, Yang, Hu, Jia, Ji, and Zhang | Apr 2009 | China | |||
Diamantinasaurus matildae Hocknull et al., 2009 |
Valid | Hocknull, White, Tischler, Cook, Calleja, Sloan, and Elliott | Jul 3, 2009 | Australia | |||
Wintonotitan wattsi Hocknull et al., 2009 |
Valid | Hocknull, White, Tischler, Cook, Calleja, Sloan, and Elliott | Jul 3, 2009 | Australia | |||
Barrosasaurus casamiquelai Salgado & Coria, 2009 |
Valid | Salgado and Coria | Sep 7, 2009 | Argentina | |||
Spinophorosaurus nigerensis Remes et al., 2009 |
Valid | Remes, Ortega, Fierro, Joger, Kosma, Ferrer, Idé, and Maga | Sep 16, 2009 | Niger | |||
Qiaowanlong kangxii You & Li, 2009 |
Valid | You and Li | Nov 22, 2009 | China | |||
Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensis Lü et al., 2009 |
Valid | Lü, Xu, Jiang, Jia, Li, Yuan, Zhang, and Ji | 2009 | China | |||
Abydosaurus mcintoshi Chure et al., 2010 |
Valid | Chure, Britt, Whitlock, and Wilson | 2010 | Brachiosauridae | United States | ||
Tonganosaurus hei Li et al., 2010 |
Valid | Li, Yang, Liu, and Wang | 2010 | Mamenchisauridae | China | ||
Fukuititan nipponensis Azuma & Shibata, 2010 |
Valid | Azuma and Shibata | 2010 | Japan | |||
Panamericansaurus schroederi Porfiri & Calvo, 2010 |
Valid | Porfiri and Calvo | 2010 | Argentina | |||
Arkharavia heterocoelica Alifanov & Bolotsky, 2010 |
Nomen dubium[20] | Alifanov and Bolotsky | 2010 | Somphospondyli[20] | Russia | ||
Atsinganosaurus velauciensis Garcia et al., 2010 |
Valid | Garcia, Amico, Fournier, Thouand, and Valentin | 2010 | France | |||
Liubangosaurus hei Mo et al., 2010 |
Valid | Mo, Xu, and Buffetaut | 2010 | China | |||
Paludititan nalatzensis Csiki et al., 2010 |
Valid | Csiki, Codrea, Jipa-Murzea, and Godefroit | 2010 | Romania | |||
Demandasaurus darwini Fernández-Baldor et al., 2011 |
Valid | Fernández-Baldor, Canudo, Huerta, Montero, Pereda Suberbiola, and Salgado | 2011 | Spain | |||
Omeisaurus jiaoi Jiang et al., 2011 |
Valid | Jiang, Li, Peng, and Ye | 2011 | China | |||
Brontomerus mcintoshi Taylor et al., 2011 |
Nomen dubium[76] | Taylor, Wedel, and Cifelli | 2011 | Somphospondyli[20] | United States | ||
Angolatitan adamastor Mateus et al., 2011 |
Valid | Mateus, Jacobs, Schulp, Polcyn, Tavares, Buta Neto, Morais, and Antunes | 2011 | Angola | |||
Narambuenatitan palomoi Filippi et al., 2011 |
Valid | Filippi, García, and Garrido | 2011 | Argentina | |||
Drusilasaura deseadensis Navarrete et al., 2011 |
Valid | Navarrete, Casal, and Martínez | 2011 | Argentina | |||
Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi Filippi et al., 2011 |
Valid | Filippi, Canudo, Salgado, Garrido, García, Cerda, and Otero | 2011 | Argentina | |||
Arrudatitan maximus (Santucci & de Arruda-Campos, 2011) |
Valid | Santucci and de Arruda-Campos | Oct 31, 2011 | Brazil | Originally Aeolosaurus maximus | ||
Traukutitan eocaudata Juárez Valieri & Calvo, 2011 |
Valid | Juárez Valieri and Calvo | 2011 | Argentina | |||
Tapuiasaurus macedoi Zaher et al., 2011 |
Valid | Zaher, Pol, Carvalho, Nascimento, Riccomini, Larson, Juarez-Valieri, Pires-Domingues, da Silva, and de Almeida Campos | 2011 | Brazil | |||
Atacamatitan chilensis Kellner et al., 2011 |
Valid | Kellner, Rubilar-Rogers, Vargas, and Suárez | 2011 | Chile | |||
Rugocaudia cooneyi Woodruff, 2012 |
Nomen dubium[76] | Woodruff | 2012 | Titanosauriformes[20] | United States | ||
Elaltitan lilloi Mannion & Otero, 2012 |
Valid | Mannion and Otero | 2012 | Argentina | |||
Comahuesaurus windhauseni Carballido et al., 2012 |
Valid | Carballido, Salgado, Pol, Canudo, and Garrido | 2012 | Argentina | |||
Astrophocaudia slaughteri D'Emic, 2012 |
Valid | D'Emic | Nov 30, 2012 | 113–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous: early Albian |
United States | ||
Kaatedocus siberi Tschopp & Mateus, 2012 |
Valid | Tschopp and Mateus | Dec 14, 2012 | Flagellicaudata[lower-alpha 15] | 157.3–145 Ma Late Jurassic: Late Kimmeridgian–early Tithonian |
United States | |
Katepensaurus goicoecheai Ibiricu et al., 2013 |
Valid | Ibiricu, Casal, Martínez, Lamanna, Luna, and Salgado | 2013 | Argentina | |||
Tataouinea hannibalis Fanti et al., 2013 |
Valid | Fanti, Cau, Hassine, and Contessi | 2013 | Tunisia | |||
Gannansaurus sinensis Lü et al., 2013 |
Valid | Lü, Yi, Zhong, and Wei | Jun 2013 | Somphospondyli | 72.1–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Maastrichtian[58] |
China | |
Yunmenglong ruyangensis Lü et al., 2013 |
Valid | Lü, Xu, Pu, Zhang, Zhang, Jia, Chang, Zhang, and Wei | 2013 | China | |||
Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis Wu et al., 2013 |
Valid | Wu, Zhou, Wings, Sekiya, and Dong | 2013 | China | |||
Overosaurus paradasorum Coria et al., 2013 |
Valid | Coria, Filippi, Chiappe, García, and Arcucci | 2013 | Argentina | |||
Normanniasaurus genceyi Le Loeuff et al., 2013 |
Valid | Le Loeuff, Suteethorn, and Buffetaut | 2013 | France | |||
Brasilotitan nemophagus Machado et al., 2013 |
Valid | Machado, Avilla, Nava, Campos, and Kellner | 2013 | Brazil | |||
Yongjinglong datangi Li et al., 2014 |
Valid | Li, Li, You, and Dodson | Jan 29, 2014 | China | |||
Quetecsaurus rusconii González Riga & Ortiz David, 2014 |
Valid | González Riga and Ortiz David | Feb 14, 2014 | Argentina | |||
Leinkupal laticauda Gallina et al., 2014 |
Valid | Gallina, Apesteguía, Haluza, and Canale | May 14, 2014 | Diplodocinae | Argentina | ||
Tambatitanis amictiae Saegusa & Ikeda, 2014 |
Valid | Saegusa and Ikeda | Aug 12, 2014 | Japan | |||
Dreadnoughtus schrani Lacovara et al., 2014 |
Valid | Lacovara, Lamanna, Ibiricu, Poole, Schroeter, Ullmann, Voegele, Boles, Carter, Fowler, Egerton, Moyer, Cougenour, Schein, Harris, Martínez, and Novas | Sep 4, 2014 | Argentina | |||
Huangshanlong anhuiensis Huang et al., 2014 |
Valid | Huang, You, Yang, and Ren | Oct 2014 | China | |||
Zby atlanticus Mateus et al., 2014 |
Valid | Mateus, Mannion, and Upchurch | 2014 | Portugal | |||
Vahiny depereti Curry Rogers & Wilson, 2014 |
Valid | Curry Rogers and Wilson | 2014 | Madagascar | |||
Rukwatitan bisepultus Gorscak et al., 2014 |
Valid | Gorscak, O'Connor, Stevens, and Roberts | 2014 | Tanzania | |||
Qijianglong guokr Xing et al., 2015 |
Valid | Xing, Miyashita, Zhang, Li, Ye, Sekiya, Wang, and Currie | 2015 | China | |||
Padillasaurus leivaensis Carballido et al., 2015 |
Valid | Carballido, Pol, Parra Ruge, Padilla Bernal, Páramo-Fonseca, and Etayo-Serna | 2015 | Colombia | |||
Nebulasaurus taito Xing et al., 2015 |
Valid | Xing, Miyashita, Currie, You, Zhang, and Dong | 2015 | China | |||
Notocolossus gonzalezparejasi González Riga et al., 2016 |
Valid | González Riga, Lamanna, Ortiz David, Calvo, and Coria | Jan 18, 2016 | Argentina | |||
Sarmientosaurus musacchioi Martínez et al., 2016 |
Valid | Martínez, Lamanna, Novas, Ridgely, Casal, Martínez, Vita, and Witmer | Apr 26, 2016 | Argentina | |||
Austroposeidon magnificus Bandeira et al., 2016 |
Valid | Bandeira, Medeiros Simbras, Batista Machado, de Almeida Campos, Oliveira, and Kellner | Oct 5, 2016 | Brazil | |||
Savannasaurus elliottorum Poropat et al., 2016 |
Valid | Poropat, Mannion, Upchurch, Hocknull, Kear, Kundrát, Tischler, Sloan, Sinapius, Elliott, and Elliott | Oct 20, 2016 | Australia | |||
Lohuecotitan pandafilandi Díez Díaz et al., 2016 |
Valid | Díez Díaz, Mocho, Páramo, Escaso, Marcos-Fernández, Sanz, and Ortega | Dec 31, 2016 | Spain | |||
Moabosaurus utahensis Britt et al., 2017 |
Valid | Britt, Scheetz, Whiting, and Wilhite | Apr 10, 2017 | United States | |||
Galeamopus pabsti Tschopp & Mateus, 2017 |
Valid | Tschopp and Mateus | May 2, 2017 | Diplodocinae | United States | ||
Vouivria damparisensis Mannion et al., 2017 |
Valid | Mannion, Allain, and Moine | May 2, 2017 | France | |||
Europatitan eastwoodi Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017 |
Valid | Torcida Fernández-Baldor, Canudo, Huerta, Moreno-Azanza, and Montero | Jun 27, 2017 | Spain | |||
Patagotitan mayorum Carballido et al., 2017 |
Valid | Carballido, Pol, Otero, Cerda, Salgado, Garrido, Ramezani, Cúneo, and Krause | Aug 16, 2017 | Argentina | |||
Shingopana songwensis Gorscak et al., 2017 |
Valid | Gorscak, O'Connor, Roberts, and Stevens | Aug 24, 2017 | Tanzania | |||
Zhuchengtitan zangjiazhuangensis Mo et al., 2017 |
Valid | Mo, Wang, Chen, Wang, and Xu | Sep 2017 | China | |||
Mierasaurus bobyoungi Royo-Torres et al., 2017 |
Valid | Royo-Torres, Upchurch, Kirkland, DeBlieux, Foster, Cobos, and Alcalá | Oct 30, 2017 | United States | |||
Soriatitan golmayensis Royo-Torres et al., 2017 |
Valid | Royo-Torres, Fuentes, Meijide, Meijide-Fuentes, and Meijide-Fuentes | 2017 | Spain | |||
Triunfosaurus leonardii Carvalho et al., 2017 |
Valid | Carvalho, Salgado, Lindoso, de Araújo-Júnior, Costa Nogueira, and Soares | 2017 | Argentina | |||
Tengrisaurus starkovi Averianov & Skutschas, 2017 |
Valid | Averianov and Skutschas | 2017 | Russia | |||
Mansourasaurus shahinae Sallam et al., 2018 |
Valid | Sallam, Gorscak, O'Connor, El-Dawoudi, El-Sayed, Saber, Kora, Sertich, Seiffert, and Lamanna | Jan 29, 2018 | Egypt | |||
Choconsaurus baileywillisi Simón et al., 2018 |
Valid | Simón, Salgado, and Otero | Feb 21, 2018 | Argentina | |||
Liaoningotitan sinensis Zhou et al., 2018 |
Valid | Zhou, Wu, Sekiya, and Dong | Jun 2018 | China | |||
Lingwulong shenqi Xu et al., 2018 |
Valid | Xu, Upchurch, Mannion, Barrett, Regalado-Fernandez, Mo, Ma, and Liu | Jul 24, 2018 | China | |||
Volgatitan simbirskiensis Averianov & Efimov, 2018 Error creating thumbnail: convert-im6.q16: width or height exceeds limit `/tmp/magick-GBOTox70rt1FOGlsZfGByQC0di9qCy3a' @ error/cache.c/OpenPixelCache/3909. convert-im6.q16: no images defined `PNG:/tmp/transform_4ada2b06b680.png' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3229. |
Valid | Averianov and Efimov | Nov 30, 2018 | Russia | |||
Baalsaurus mansillai Calvo & González Riga, 2018 |
Valid | Calvo and González Riga | Dec 17, 2018 | Argentina | |||
Sibirotitan astrosacralis Averianov et al., 2018 |
Valid | Averianov, Ivantsov, Skutschas, Faingertz, and Leschinskiy | 2018 | Russia | |||
Lavocatisaurus agrioensis Canudo et al., 2018 |
Valid | Canudo, Carballido, Salgado, and Garrido | 2018 | Argentina | |||
Wamweracaudia keranjei Mannion et al., 2019 |
Valid | Mannion, Upchurch, Schwarz, and Wings | Jan 25, 2019 | Mamenchisauridae[18] | Tanzania | ||
Pilmatueia faundezi Coria et al., 2019 |
Valid | Coria, Windholz, Ortega, and Currie | Jan 2019 | Dicraeosauridae | Argentina | ||
Bajadasaurus pronuspinax Gallina et al., 2019 |
Valid | Gallina, Apesteguía, Canale, and Haluza | Feb 4, 2019 | Dicraeosauridae | Argentina | ||
Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia Gorscak & O'Connor, 2019 |
Valid | Gorscak and O'Connor | Feb 13, 2019 | Tanzania | |||
Oceanotitan dantasi Mocho et al., 2019 |
Valid | Mocho, Royo-Torres, and Ortega | May 15, 2019 | Portugal | |||
Kaijutitan maui Filippi et al., 2019 |
Valid | Filippi, Salgado, and Garrido | Aug 2019 | Argentina | |||
Fushanosaurus qitaiensis Wang et al., 2019 |
Valid | Wang, Wu, Li, Ji, Li, and Guo | Sep 2019 | China | |||
Itapeuasaurus cajapioensis Lindoso et al., 2019 |
Valid | Lindoso, Medeiros, Carvalho, Pereira, Mendes, Iori, Sousa, Arcanjo, and Silva | Dec 2019 | Brazil | |||
Nullotitan glaciaris Novas et al., 2019 |
Valid | Novas, Agnolin, Rozadilla, Aranciaga-Rolando, Brisson-Egli, Motta, Cerroni, Ezcurra, Martinelli, D'Angelo, Alvarez-Herrera, Gentil, Bogan, Chimento, García-Marsà, Lo Coco, Miquel, Brito, Vera, Perez Loinaze, Fernández, and Salgado | 2019 | 83.6–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: late Campanian–early Maastrichtian |
Argentina | ||
Anhuilong diboensis Ren et al., 2020 |
Valid | Ren, Huang, and You | 2020 | 174.1–163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic |
China | ||
Yamanasaurus lojaensis Apesteguía et al., 2020 |
Valid | Apesteguía, Soto Luzuriaga, Gallina, Tamay Granda, and Guamán Jaramillo | 2020 | 66.9 Ma Late Cretaceous: late Maastrichtian |
Ecuador | ||
Abdarainurus barsboldi Averianov & Lopatin, 2020 |
Valid | Averianov and Lopatin | 2020 | 100.5–66 Ma Late Cretaceous |
Mongolia | ||
Omeisaurus puxiani Tan et al., 2020 |
Valid | Tan, Xiao, Dai, Hu, Li, Ma, Wei, Yu, Xiong, Peng, Jiang, Ren, and You | 2020 | 174.1–163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic |
China | ||
Analong chuanjieensis Ren et al., 2020 |
Valid | Ren, Sekiya, Wang, Yang, and You | 2020 | Mamenchisauridae[78] | 170.3–168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic: Bajocian |
China | |
Narindasaurus thevenini Royo-Torres et al., 2020 |
Valid | Royo-Torres, Cobos, Mocho, and Alcalá | Sep 3, 2020 | 168.3–166.1 Ma Middle Jurassic: Bathonian |
Madagascar | ||
Bravasaurus arrierosorum Hechenleitner et al., 2020 |
Valid | Hechenleitner, Leuzinger, Martinelli, Rocher, Fiorelli, Taborda, and Salgado | 2020 | 83.6–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Campanian–Maastrichtian |
Argentina | ||
Punatitan coughlini Hechenleitner et al., 2020 |
Valid | Hechenleitner, Leuzinger, Martinelli, Rocher, Fiorelli, Taborda, and Salgado | 2020 | Aeolosaurini | 83.6–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Campanian–Maastrichtian |
Argentina | |
Bagualia alba Pol et al., 2020 |
Valid | Pol, Ramezani, Gomez, Carballido, Paulina Carabajal, Rauhut, Escapa, and Cúneo | Nov 25, 2020 | Eusauropoda | 179.17±0.12 Ma Early Jurassic: Toarcian |
Argentina | |
Garrigatitan meridionalis Díez Díaz et al., 2021 |
Valid | Díez Díaz, Garcia, Pereda Suberbiola, Jentgen-Ceschino, Stein, Godefroit, and Valentin | 2021 | 72.1–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: early Maastrichtian |
France | ||
Dzharatitanis kingi Averianov & Sues, 2021 |
Valid | Averianov and Sues | Feb 24, 2021 | 93.9–89.8 Ma Late Cretaceous: Turonian |
Uzbekistan | ||
Ninjatitan zapatai Gallina et al., 2021 |
Valid | Gallina, Canale, and Carballido | Feb 28, 2021 | Titanosauria | 145–132.9 Ma Early Cretaceous: late Berriasian–Valanginian |
Argentina | |
Arackar licanantay Rubilar-Rogers et al., 2021 |
Valid | Rubilar-Rogers, Vargas, González Riga, Soto-Acuña, Alarcón-Muñoz, Iriarte-Díaz, Arévalo, and Gutstein | Aug 2021 | Lithostrotia | 83.6–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Campanian–Maastrichtian |
Chile | |
Australotitan cooperensis Hocknull et al., 2021 |
Valid | Hocknull, Wilkinson, Lawrence, Konstantinov, Mackenzie, and Mackenzie | Jun 7, 2021 | Titanosauria | 96[79]–89.8 Ma Late Cretaceous: Cenomanian–Turonian[80] |
Australia | |
Silutitan sinensis Wang et al., 2021 |
Valid | Wang, Bandeira, Qiu, Jiang, Cheng, Ma, and Kellner | 2021 | Euhelopodidae | 145–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous |
China | |
Hamititan xinjiangensis Wang et al., 2021 |
Valid | Wang, Bandeira, Qiu, Jiang, Cheng, Ma, and Kellner | 2021 | Titanosauria | 145–100.5 Ma Early Cretaceous |
China | |
Menucocelsior arriagadai Rolando et al., 2022 |
Valid | Rolando, Marsà, Agnolín, Motta, Rozadilla, and Novas | 2022 | Eutitanosauria | 72.1–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Maastrichtian |
Argentina | |
Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis Upchurch et al., 2021 |
Valid | Upchurch, Mannion, Xu, and Barrett | Dec 13, 2021 | Mamenchisauridae | 157.3–145 Ma Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian–Tithonian |
China | |
Abditosaurus kuehnei Vila et al., 2022 |
Valid | Vila, Sellés, Moreno-Azanza, Razzolini, Gil-Delgado, Canudo, and Galobart | Feb 7, 2022 | Saltasaurinae | 70.5 Ma[81] Late Cretaceous: early Maastrichtian |
Spain | |
Perijasaurus lapaz Rincón et al., 2022 |
Valid | Rincón, Raad Pájaro, Jiménez Velandia, Ezcurra, and Wilson Mantilla | Aug 10, 2022 | Eusauropoda | 174.1 Ma Jurassic: latest Toarcian–earliest Aalenian |
Colombia | |
Ibirania parva Navarro et al., 2022 |
Valid | Navarro, Ghilardi, Aureliano, Díez Díaz, Bandeira, Cataruzzi, Iori, Martine, Carvalho, Anelli, Fernandes, and Zaher | Sep 15, 2022 | Saltasaurinae | 86.3–72.1 Ma Late Cretaceous: late Santonian–early Campanian |
Brazil | |
Yuzhoulong qurenensis Dai et al., 2022 |
Valid | Dai, Tan, Xiong, Ma, Li, Yu, Wei, Wang, Yi, Wei, You, and Ren | Oct 2, 2022 | Macronaria | 168.3–166.1 Ma Middle Jurassic: Bathonian |
China | |
Caieiria allocaudata Silva Junior et al., 2022 |
Valid | Silva Junior, Martinelli, Marinho, da Silva, and Langer | Nov 15, 2022 | Titanosauria | 72.1–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Maastrichtian[82] |
Brazil | |
Ruixinia zhangi Mo et al., 2022 |
Valid | Mo, Ma, Yu, and Xu | Dec 9, 2022 | Somphospondyli | ~125 Ma[83] Early Cretaceous: Barremian |
China | |
Chucarosaurus diripienda Agnolin et al., 2023 |
Valid | Agnolin, Gonzalez Riga, Aranciaga Rolando, Rozadilla, Motta, Chimento, and Novas | Feb 2, 2023 | Colossosauria | 100.5–89.8 Ma Late Cretaceous: middle Cenomanian–early Turonian[84] |
Argentina | |
Igai semkhu Gorscak et al., 2023 |
Valid | Gorscak, Lamanna, Schwarz, Díez Díaz, Salem, Sallam, and Wiechmann | Jul 20, 2023 | Lithostrotia | 83.6–72.1 Ma Late Cretaceous: Campanian |
Egypt | |
Tharosaurus indicus Bajpai et al., 2023 |
Valid | Bajpai, Datta, Pandey, Ghosh, Kumar, and Bhattacharya | Aug 4, 2023 | Dicraeosauridae | 168.3–166.1 Ma Middle Jurassic: Bathonian |
India | |
Jiangxititan ganzhouensis Mo et al., 2023 |
Valid | Mo, Fu, Yu, and Xu | Sep 21, 2023 | Lognkosauria[85] | 72.1–66 Ma Late Cretaceous: Maastrichtian[85] |
China | |
Garumbatitan morellensis Mocho et al., 2023 |
Valid | Mocho, Escaso, Gasulla, Galobart, Poza, Santos-Cubedo, Sanz, and Ortega | Sep 28, 2023 | Somphospondyli[86] | 129.4–125 Ma Early Cretaceous: late Barremian[86] |
Spain | |
Inawentu oslatus Filippi et al., 2023 |
Valid | Filippi, Juárez Valieri, Gallina, Méndez, Gianechini, and Garrido | Oct 30, 2023 | Eutitanosauria[87] | 86.3–83.6 Ma Late Cretaceous: Santonian[87] |
Argentina | |
Bustingorrytitan shiva Simón & Salgado, 2023 |
Valid | Simón and Salgado | Dec 18, 2023 | Lithostrotia[88] | 100.5–93.9 Ma Late Cretaceous: upper Cenomanian[88] |
Argentina | |
Sidersaura marae Lerzo et al., 2024 |
Valid | Lerzo, Gallina, Canale, Otero, Carballido, Apesteguía, and Makovicky | Jan 3, 2024 | Rebbachisauridae | 100.5–89.8 Ma Late Cretaceous: upper Cenomanian–Turonian[89] |
Argentina | |
Gandititan cavocaudatus Han et al., 2024 |
Valid | Han, Yang, Lou, Sullivan, Xu, Qiu, Liu, Yu, Wu, Ke, Xu, Hu, and Lu | Jan 17, 2024 | Titanosauria[90] | 100.5–89.8 Ma Late Cretaceous: upper Cenomanian–Turonian[90] |
China |
Sauropodomorphs of uncertain affinity
This section of the list contains sauropodomorphs that are more closely related to eusauropods than Melanorosaurus but not as closely as Vulcanodon, thus lying between the two proposed boundaries of Sauropoda, as well as sauropodomorphs of unspecified phylogenetic position whose status as sauropods is disputed.
Scientific name | Taxonomic status | Authors | Date named | Age | Countries | Phylogenetic position | Notes | Skeletal diagram |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amygdalodon patagonicus Cabrera, 1947 |
Valid[91] | Cabrera | Feb 13, 1947 | Argentina | Interpreted as a eusauropod by Rauhut.[91] Recovered basal to Vulcanodon by phylogenetic analysis.[92][93][94] | |||
Volkheimeria chubutensis Bonaparte, 1979 |
Valid | Bonaparte | Sep 28, 1979 | Argentina | Recovered basal to Vulcanodon by phylogenetic analysis[94] | |||
Camelotia borealis Galton, 1985 |
Galton | 1985 | United Kingdom | Originally described as a melanorosaurid, but has been recovered within Sauropoda sensu lato by some studies | ||||
Blikanasaurus cromptoni Galton & Van Heerden, 1985 |
Valid | Galton and Van Heerden | 1985 | South Africa | Originally described as a prosauropod, but has been recovered as a member of Sauropoda sensu lato by some studies. | |||
Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis Dong, 1992 |
Valid | Dong | 1992 | China | ||||
Kunmingosaurus wudingensis Dong, 1992 |
Nomen dubium[4] | Dong | 1992 | China | Sauropod status regarded as tentative[95] | |||
Gongxianosaurus shibeiensis He et al., 1998 |
Valid | He, Wang, Liu, Zhou, Liu, Cai, and Dai | 1998 | China | ||||
Lessemsaurus sauropoides Bonaparte, 1999 |
Valid | Bonaparte | 1999 | Argentina | ||||
Isanosaurus attavipachi Buffetaut et al., 2000 |
Valid | Buffetaut, Suteethorn, Cuny, Tong, Le Loeuff, Khansubha, and Jongautchariyakul | Sep 7, 2000 | Thailand | Recovered basal to Vulcanodon in some studies,[94][verification needed] but more derived than Vulcanodon in others[96] | |||
Antetonitrus ingenipes Yates & Kitching, 2003 |
Valid | Yates and Kitching | Aug 22, 2003 | South Africa | ||||
Lamplughsaura dharmaramensis Kutty et al., 2007 |
Valid | Kutty, Chatterjee, Galton, and Upchurch | 2007 | India | Kutty et al. conducted two phylogenetic analyses, one of which recovered Lamplughsaura as a sauropod and the other of which did not.[97] | |||
Leonerasaurus taquetrensis Pol et al., 2011 |
Valid | Pol, Garrido, and Cerda | Jan 26, 2011 | Argentina | ||||
Pulanesaura eocollum McPhee et al., 2015 |
Valid | McPhee, Bonnan, Yates, Neveling, and Choiniere | 2015 | South Africa | ||||
Ingentia prima Apaldetti et al., 2018 |
Valid | Apaldetti, Martínez, Cerda, Pol, and Alcober | 2018 | Argentina | ||||
Ledumahadi mafube McPhee et al., 2018 |
Valid | McPhee, Benson, Botha-Brink, Bordy, and Choiniere | 2018 | South Africa | ||||
Schleitheimia schutzi Rauhut et al., 2020 |
Valid | Rauhut, Holwerda, and Furrer | 2020 | Late Triassic (Norian) | Switzerland |
Non-sauropodomorphs misidentified as sauropods
This section of the list covers taxa that were at one point referred to Sauropoda, its historical synonyms Cetiosauria or Opisthocoelia, or referred to a taxon that is now regarded as a sauropod, such as the genus Cetiosaurus. However, it excludes sauropodomorphs that were referred to Sauropoda as a result of debate over where the boundary between sauropods and non-sauropod sauropodomorphs lie.
Species misidentified as sauropods | |||
---|---|---|---|
Scientific name | Taxonomic status | Current classification | Notes |
Cetiosaurus brachyurus Owen, 1842 |
Nomen dubium[98] | Iguanodon | One of the four original species of Cetiosaurus. Referred to Iguanodon in 1849 by Melville,[99] a referral that was still upheld as of 2003.[5] |
Hypsibema crassicauda Cope, 1869 |
Regarded as a sauropod by Baird and Horner in 1979.[100] | ||
Cetiosaurus rigauxi Sauvage, 1874 |
Pliosaurus | Sauvage initially interpreted this species, based on a single vertebra, as belonging to Cetiosaurus. In 1895, he reinterpreted it as belonging to the marine reptile Pliosaurus.[101] | |
Apatodon mirus Marsh, 1877 |
Listed as a sauropod by Kuhn in 1937 | ||
Tichosteus lucasanus Cope, 1877 |
Listed as a member of Cetiosauria by Osborn in 1898[102] | ||
Epanterias amplexus Cope, 1878 |
Theropoda | Regarded as a sauropod by Cope; still listed as a sauropod by Romer in 1956. | |
Brachyrophus altarkansanus Cope, 1878 |
Ornithopoda | Listed as a sauropod by Kuhn in 1937 | |
Symphyrophus musculosus Cope, 1878 |
Subjective junior synonym of Camptosaurus dispar | Ornithopoda | Listed as a member of Cetiosauria by Osborn in 1898.[102] Has been synonymized with Camptosaurus dispar, but may be a chimera that includes crocodylian material.[103] |
Morosaurus marchei Sauvage, 1898 |
Nomen dubium | Theropoda | A tooth formerly referred to this taxon, MG 8779, does come from a sauropod |
Succinodon putzeri Huene, 1941 |
Teredinidae | Described by Huene as the jaw of a sauropod, but later discovered to be the borings of shipworms. | |
Hypsibema missouriensis (Gilmore & Stewart, 1945) |
Valid | Ornithopoda | Originally described as a sauropod under the name Neosaurus missouriensis,[104] but the name Neosaurus was preoccupied so it was renamed Parrosaurus missouriensis. Reclassified as a species of Hypsibema in 1979 by Baird and Horner, who regarded the genus as belonging to Sauropoda.[105] |
Astrodon pusillus Lapparent & Zbyszewski, 1957 |
Nomen dubium | Dinosauria | Originally described as a species of the sauropod Astrodon. In 1981, Galton reidentified it as belonging to the stegosaurid Dacentrurus.[106] In 2008, Maidment et al. concluded it lacked evidence of stegosaur affinities and should be regarded as an indeterminate dinosaur.[107] |
Informally named sauropods
This section of the list contains sauropods that have never been formally scientifically named, but have been referred to with an informal binomial name.
Name | Author | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
"Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus" | |||
"Nurosaurus qaganensis" | |||
"Mamenchisaurus guangyuanensis" | Zhang | 1981 | Described by Zhang Suoping in her 1981 master's thesis as "Omeisaurus guangyuanensis".[108] Referred to Mamenchisaurus by Li and Cai in 1997.[109] Ouyang and Ye tentatively agreed with Li and Cai's assessment in 2002, but were unsure whether it represented a distinct species.[108] Based on fossils from the Upper Shaximiao Formation, including several juvenile specimens. |
"Dachongosaurus yunnanensis" | |||
"Lancanjiangosaurus cachuensis" | |||
"Megacervixosaurus tibetensis" | |||
"Microdontosaurus dayensis" | |||
"Oshanosaurus youngi" | |||
"Rutellum implicatum" | |||
"Yunxianosaurus hubeinensis" |
Footnotes
- ↑ In 2004, Upchurch, Barrett, and Dodson listed Cetiosaurus brevis as a nomen dubium.[4] In 2011, Upchurch, Mannion, and Barrett regarded Cetiosaurus brevis and Pelorosaurus conybeari to be objective synonyms and, based on both the caudal vertebrae associated with the name C. brevis and humerus associated with P. conybeari, regarded the taxon, which they called Pelorosaurus conybeari, to be a valid species.[8]
- ↑ Some authors have treated Cetiosaurus conybeari Melville, 1849 and Pelorosaurus conybeari Mantell, 1850 as distinct taxa, with the former being based on a series of four caudal vertebrae and the latter on a humerus.[11][12][13] Others have regarded Pelorosaurus conybeari as simply Cetiosaurus conybeari assigned to a new genus.[14][10][8] Among those who treated P. conybeari as having been named by Mantell and based on a humerus, Blows regarded P. conybeari as a nomen vanum[15] and Upchurch et al. treated it as a valid taxon.[4]
- ↑ According to Naish and Martill, "sauropod experts seem in universal agreement that ʻC. gigasʼ is a camarasauromorph".[26] Naish and Martill themselves regarded Chondrosteosaurus to be a camarasaurid;[27] in contrast, Upchurch, Mannion, and Barrett regarded the specimen to be a titanosauriform.[8]
- ↑ Both Marsh and Lydekker named a sauropod genus Titanosaurus in 1877. Because Lydekker's Titanosaurus indicus was published first, Marsh renamed Titanosaurus montanus to Atlantosaurus montanus later that year.[30]
- ↑ In 2015, Tschopp, Mateus, and Benson argued that D. longus was a nomen dubium.[29] In 2017, Carpenter disputed their claims regarding the status of D. longus[34]
- ↑ Originally described as Ischyrosaurus, without a species name, by John W. Hulke in 1874.[24] Edward Drinker Cope had already named a genus Ischyrosaurus. In 1888, Lydekker assigned it to Ornithopsis, giving the species name as Ornithopsis manseli, which he credited to an unpublished manuscript by Hulke.[38]
- ↑ Hatcher incorrectly believed that Haplocanthus had to be changed because it was too similar to Haplacanthus Agassiz, 1845.[42] Nonetheless, the name Haplocanthosaurus became widely used, and in 1991, the ICZN ruled to conserve the name Haplocanthosaurus.[43]
- ↑ Gigantosaurus had to be renamed because Seeley had already used the name for a different sauropod
- ↑ In 1988, He et al. regarded it as uncertain whether O. changshouensis belonged to Omeisaurus or Mamenchisaurus.[51] In 1996, Zhang and Chen referred O. changshouensis to Mamenchisaurus in 1996.[52] In 2019, Tan et al. used the name Omeisaurus changshouensis but regarded it as more like Mamenchisaurus than Omeisaurus[53]
- ↑ Kim formally named a genus Ultrasaurus two years before Jensen did, so Ultrasaurus mcintoshi was renamed Ultrasauros.
- ↑ The name Protognathus was preoccupied
- ↑ Issue 10 of volume 30 of the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences is dated October 1993, but was not actually available until February or March 1994[56]
- ↑ Exact date disputed. Article dated July 1, 2005, but copies apparently did not become available until December 18, 2005.[67]
- ↑ The issue is dated 2009, but the paleontologist Darren Naish reported that it was actually published in 2008.[75]
- ↑ Originally described as a diplodocid, and recovered as such by Tschopp et al. in 2015[29] and Tschopp and Mateus in 2017.[77] In contrast, recovered as a dicraeosaurid by Whitlock and Wilson Mantilla in 2020.[39]
References
- ↑ Marsh 1878b.
- ↑ McPhee & Choiniere 2018.
- ↑ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 4.39 4.40 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46 4.47 4.48 4.49 4.50 Upchurch, Barrett & Dodson 2004.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Upchurch & Martin 2003.
- ↑ Upchurch & Martin 2003, p. 212.
- ↑ Steel 1970, p. 64.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 Upchurch, Mannion & Barrett 2011.
- ↑ Mocho et al. 2016.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Taylor & Naish 2007, p. 1559.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Steel 1970, pp. 64,68.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Ostrom 1970, pp. 129–130.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Upchurch et al. 2004, p. 308.
- ↑ Naish & Martill 2001, pp. 205–207.
- ↑ Blows 1995, pp. 195–196.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Le Loeuff 1993, p. 107.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Upchurch, Mannion & Taylor 2015.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Mannion et al. 2019.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Carpenter & Tidwell 2005.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 Mannion et al. 2013.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Martill, Earland & Naish 2006.
- ↑ Pereda Suberbiola & Barrett 1999.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Barrett, Benson & Upchurch 2010.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Hulke 1874.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9 Mannion 2010.
- ↑ Naish & Martill 2001, p. 195.
- ↑ Naish & Martill 2001, pp. 195,198.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Wilson & Upchurch 2003.
- ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 29.18 29.19 29.20 Tschopp, Mateus & Benson 2015.
- ↑ Marsh 1877b.
- ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 Ikejiri 2005.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Mannion, Tschopp & Whitlock 2021.
- ↑ Carpenter 1998.
- ↑ Carpenter 2017.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Carpenter 2018.
- ↑ Woodruff & Foster 2014.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 D'Emic 2013.
- ↑ Lydekker 1888.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Whitlock & Wilson Mantilla 2020.
- ↑ Powell 2003.
- ↑ Tweet 2019.
- ↑ Hatcher 1903b.
- ↑ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1991.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 Taylor 2009.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 McPhee et al. 2016.
- ↑ Otero 2010.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Mannion 2011.
- ↑ Wilson et al. 2009.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 Poropat et al. 2017.
- ↑ McPhee et al. 2016.
- ↑ He, Li & Cai 1988, p. 85.
- ↑ Zhang & Chen 1996, p. 107.
- ↑ Tan et al. 2019, p. 112.
- ↑ Viglietti et al. 2018.
- ↑ Currie et al. 2018.
- ↑ Mortimer 2021.
- ↑ Cerda et al. 2021.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Xing et al. 2015.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 Barrett et al. 2002.
- ↑ Upchurch et al. 2021.
- ↑ D'Emic, Foreman & Jud 2016.
- ↑ Apesteguía 2007.
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 Bellardini et al. 2022.
- ↑ Royo-Torres et al. 2021.
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Park 2016.
- ↑ Ma et al. 2021.
- ↑ Sánchez-Hernández 2006.
- ↑ Mo 2013, pp. 38,40.
- ↑ Silva Junior et al. 2022, p. 31.
- ↑ Fronimos 2023, p. 3.
- ↑ Wilson & Upchurch 2009.
- ↑ Carballido et al. 2020.
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 Gallina 2016.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 Taylor 2018.
- ↑ Naish 2009.
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 D'Emic & Foreman 2012.
- ↑ Tschopp & Mateus 2017.
- ↑ Ren et al. 2020.
- ↑ Hocknull et al. 2021, p. 18.
- ↑ Hocknull et al. 2021, p. 38.
- ↑ Vila et al. 2022.
- ↑ Silva Junior et al. 2022.
- ↑ Mo et al. 2022.
- ↑ Agnolin et al. 2023.
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- ↑ 86.0 86.1 Mocho et al. 2023.
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- ↑ 88.0 88.1 Simón & Salgado 2023.
- ↑ Lerzo et al. 2024.
- ↑ 90.0 90.1 Han et al. 2024.
- ↑ 91.0 91.1 Rauhut 2003.
- ↑ Carballido & Pol 2010.
- ↑ Pol et al. 2020.
- ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 Gomez, Carballido & Pol 2021.
- ↑ McPhee et al. 2016, p. 3.
- ↑ McPhee et al. 2015.
- ↑ Kutty et al. 2007.
- ↑ Upchurch & Martin 2003, p. 215.
- ↑ Melville 1849.
- ↑ Baird & Horner 1979, p. 16.
- ↑ Sauvage 1895, p. 469.
- ↑ 102.0 102.1 Osborn 1898, p. 227.
- ↑ Carpenter & Wilson 2008, p. 228.
- ↑ Gilmore & Stewart 1945.
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