Biology:Malacology

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Short description: Study of the Mollusca
A bigfin reef squid displaying considerably developed ocular, locomotive, and bioluminescent organs, all particularly of interest to the malacological study of its class Cephalopoda.

Malacology[lower-alpha 1] is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species[1] after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, and cephalopods, along with numerous other kinds, many of which have shells. Malacology derives from grc μαλακός (malakós) 'soft', and -λογία (-logía).

Fields within malacological research include taxonomy, ecology and evolution. Several subdivisions of malacology exist, including conchology, devoted to the study of mollusk shells, and teuthology, the study of cephalopods such as octopus, squid, and cuttlefish. Applied malacology studies medical, veterinary, and agricultural applications, for example the study of mollusks as vectors of schistosomiasis and other diseases.

Archaeology employs malacology to understand the evolution of the climate, the biota of the area, and the usage of the site.[citation needed]

Zoological methods are used in malacological research. Malacological field methods and laboratory methods (such as collecting, documenting and archiving, and molecular techniques) were summarized by Sturm et al. (2006).[2]

History

In 1681, Filippo Bonanni wrote the first book ever published that was solely about seashells, the shells of marine mollusks.[3] The book was entitled: Ricreatione dell' occhio e dela mente nell oservation' delle Chiociolle, proposta a' curiosi delle opere della natura, &c.[4] In 1868, the German Malacological Society was founded.

Malacologists

Those who study malacology are known as malacologists. Those who study primarily or exclusively the shells of mollusks are known as conchologists, while those who study mollusks of the class Cephalopoda are teuthologists.

Societies

  • Argentine Malacological Society (es) (Asociación Argentina de Malacología)[5]
  • American Malacological Society
  • Association of Polish Malacologists (Lua error: not enough memory.)
  • Belgian Malacological Society (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) – French speaking
  • Belgian Society for Conchology (nl) – Dutch speaking
  • Brazilian Malacological Society (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)[6]
  • Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
  • Conchologists of America
  • Dutch Malacological Society
  • Estonian Malacological Society
  • European Quaternary Malacologists
  • Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society
  • German Malacological Society (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
  • Hungarian Malacological Society (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
  • Italian Malacological Society (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
  • Malacological Society of Australasia
  • Malacological Society of London
  • Malacological Society of the Philippines, Inc.
  • Mexican Malacological Society (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)[7]
  • Spanish Malacological Society (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
  • Western Society of Malacologists

Journals

More than 150 journals within the field of malacology are being published from more than 30 countries, producing an overwhelming amount of scientific articles.[8] They include:

  • American Journal of Conchology (1865–1872)[9]
  • American Malacological Bulletin[10]
  • Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.[11]
  • Basteria[12]
  • Bulletin of Russian Far East Malacological Society[13]
  • Fish & Shellfish Immunology[14]
  • Folia conchyliologica[15]
  • Folia Malacologica[16][17]
  • Heldia[18]
  • Johnsonia
  • Journal de Conchyliologie – volumes 1850–1922[19] at Biodiversity Heritage Library; volumes 1850–1938[20] at Bibliothèque nationale de France
  • Journal of Conchology[21]
  • Journal of Medical and Applied Malacology[22]
  • Journal of Molluscan Studies
  • Malacologia
  • Malacologica Bohemoslovaca[23]
  • Malacological Review – volume 1 (1968) – today,[24] contents of volume 27 (1996) – volume 40 (2009)[25]
  • Soosiana
  • Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie (1844–1853)[26] → Malakozoologische Blätter (1854–1878)[27]
  • Miscellanea Malacologica
  • Mollusca[28]
  • Molluscan Research[29] – impact factor: 0.606 (2007)[30]
  • Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft[31]
  • Occasional Molluscan Papers (since 2008)[32]
  • Occasional Papers on Mollusks (1945–1989), 5 volumes[33]
  • Ruthenica[34]
  • Strombus[35]
  • Tentacle – The Newsletter of the Mollusc Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.[36]
  • The Conchologist (1891–1894)[37] → The Journal of Malacology (1894–1905)[38]
  • The Festivus – a peer-reviewed journal which started as a club newsletter in 1970, published by the San Diego Shell Club[39]
  • The Nautilus – since 1886 published by Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum. First two volumes were published under name The Conchologists’ Exchange. Impact factor: 0.500 (2009)[40]
  • The Veliger[41] – impact factor: 0.606 (2003)[42]
  • 貝類学雑誌 Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology)[43]
  • Vita Malacologica a Dutch journal published in English – one themed issue a year
  • Vita Marina[44] (discontinued in May 2001)

Museums

Malacological Museum in Makarska, Croatia (entrance)

Museums that have either exceptional malacological research collections (behind the scenes) and/or exceptional public exhibits of mollusks:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ From the French malacologie, contraction of malacozoologie; from the Neo-Latin Malacozoa, 'zoological group including soft-bodied animals'; from grc μαλακός (malakós) 'soft', and ζῷον (zôion) 'animal'.

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References

  1. ↑ "Home – Division of Invertebrate Zoology". http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/. 
  2. ↑ Charles F. Sturm; Timothy A. Pearce; Ángel Valdés (July 2006). The mollusks. Universal-Publishers. ISBN 978-1-58112-930-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=-NbmHx93s8gC. Retrieved 2022-08-22. 
  3. ↑ "Buonanni's Chiocciole (1681)". ansp.org. http://www.ansp.org/museum/digital_collections/shells/bounanni.php. 
  4. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Bonanni F. 1681. Ricreatione dell' occhio e dela mente nell oservation' delle Chiociolle, proposta a' curiosi delle opere della natura, &c. 1681. Varese, Rome, xiv, 384 pp., 109 plates. figure 101.
  5. ↑ "Malaco Argentina". https://malacoargentina.com.ar/blog/malaco-argentina/. 
  6. ↑ "Sociedade Brasileira de Malacologia". http://sbmalacologia.com.br/#a. 
  7. ↑ "Sociedad de Malacolología de México A.C.". http://www.smmac.org.mx/. 
  8. ↑ Bieler & Kabat, Malacological Journals and Newsletters, 1773–1990; The Nautilus 105(2):39–61, 1991
  9. ↑ Tryon, George Washington, 1838–1888 (1865). Details – American journal of conchology. – Biodiversity Heritage Library. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/15900. 
  10. ↑ "American Malacological Society". http://www.malacological.org/publications/amb.php. 
  11. ↑ "Archiv für Molluskenkunde (ISSN 1869-0963, e-ISSN 2367-0622), Optional Open Access)". http://www.schweizerbart.de/journals/archmoll. 
  12. ↑ Basteria
  13. ↑ The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society
  14. ↑ Elsevier. "Fish and Shellfish Immunology". http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622832/description#description. 
  15. ↑ GuppY. "Cernuelle – Folia Conchyliologica" (in fr). http://cernuelle.com/download.php?lng=fr. 
  16. ↑ "Editorial SMP". http://www.foliamalacologica.com/. 
  17. ↑ Folia Malacologica
  18. ↑ "Heldia - Münchner malakologische Mitteilungen". http://www.conchbooks.de/contents/en-us/p342.html. 
  19. ↑ "Details – Journal de conchyliologie. – Biodiversity Heritage Library". https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/14924. 
  20. ↑ "Journal de conchyliologie – 77 années disponibles – Gallica". http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb343487782/date.r=Architecture.langEN. 
  21. ↑ "Journal of Conchology – The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland". http://www.conchsoc.org/resources/journal.php. 
  22. ↑ "Journal of Medical and Applied Malacology". http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mologis/MedAplMa.html. 
  23. ↑ "Malacologica Bohemoslovaca" (in en, cs). http://mollusca.sav.sk/. 
  24. ↑ "Malacological Review". http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mologis/MalaRevi.html. 
  25. ↑ [1] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  26. ↑ Menke, Karl Theodor, 1791–1861. "Details – Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie. – Biodiversity Heritage Library". https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/16292. 
  27. ↑ Clessin, Steph., 1833–. "Details – Malakozoologische Blätter. – Biodiversity Heritage Library". https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/15800. 
  28. ↑ "Mollusca Journal – 2007 to 2009 – The Last Issue – Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden". http://www.mollusca-journal.de. 
  29. ↑ "Molluscan Research – online contents". http://www.mapress.com/mr/content.htm. 
  30. ↑ General Information . accessed 6 December 2010].
  31. ↑ "Mollusca in Deutschland - Malakozoologische Zeitschriften". http://www.dmg.mollusca.de/mitteilungen.htm. 
  32. ↑ "Occasional Molluscan Papers" . last change 2 December 2014, accessed 23 August 2016.
  33. ↑ Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology.. "Details – Occasional papers on mollusks. – Biodiversity Heritage Library". https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5384. 
  34. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.ruthenica.com/. 
  35. ↑ "Strombus online". http://www.conchasbrasil.org.br/strombus/online.asp. 
  36. ↑ "TENTACLE". http://www.hawaii.edu/cowielab/Tentacle.htm. 
  37. ↑ Details – The Conchologist. – Biodiversity Heritage Library. 1891. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/16143#/summary. Retrieved 5 April 2018. 
  38. ↑ Details – The Journal of malacology. – Biodiversity Heritage Library. 1894. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/16176#/summary. Retrieved 5 April 2018. 
  39. ↑ Official site of The Festivus
  40. ↑ "THE NAUTILUS. A Quarterly Devoted to Malacology". shellmuseum.org. http://www.shellmuseum.org/nautilus/index.html. 
  41. ↑ "THE VELIGER". http://www.theveliger.org/. 
  42. ↑ "Journal Impact Factor 2003". sciencegateway.org. http://www.sciencegateway.org/impact/if03sz.htm. 
  43. ↑ "CiNii Articles – 貝類学雑誌Venus : the Japanese journal of malacology" (in ja). http://ci.nii.ac.jp/vol_issue/nels/AN00410236_en.html. 
  44. ↑ Vita marina. Stichting Biologia Maritima (Netherlands). 'S Gravenhage. OCLC 13862636. 

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Further reading

  • Cox L. R. & Peake J. F. (eds.). Proceedings of the First European Malacological Congress. September 17–21, 1962. Text in English with black-and-white photographic reproductions, also maps and diagrams. Published by the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland and the Malacological Society of London in 1965 with no ISBN.
  • Heppel D. (1995). "The long dawn of Malacology: a brief history of malacology from prehistory to the year 1800." Archives of Natural History 22(3): 301–319.

External links

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