Biology:Marantaceae
The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, or the prayer plant family, of flowering plants consisting of 28 genera[1] and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order.[2][3] Species of this family are found in lowland tropical forests of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The majority (80%) of the species are found in the American tropics, followed by Asian (11%) and African (9%) tropics.[2] They are commonly called the prayer-plant family and are also known for their unique secondary pollination presentation.
Description
The inflorescence is a spike or panicle, enclosed by spathe-like bracts. The flowers are small and often inconspicuous, irregular, and bisexual, usually with an outer three free sepals and an inner series of three petaloid-like segments, tube-like in appearance. The fruit is either fleshy or a loculicidal capsule.[4] Many species have only a single stamen and that stamen has only a single locule, an oddity they share only with the genus Canna.[5]
Taxonomy
The family consists of 28 genera[1] with about 570 known species,[6] found in the tropical areas of the world except in Australia. The biggest concentration is in the Americas, with seven genera in Africa, and six in Asia.
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Phylogenetic tree of the family.[8]
| Marantaceae |
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Genera
28 genera are accepted.[1]
- Clade Haumania
- Haumania J.Léonard
- Clade Sarcophrynium
- Hypselodelphys (K.Schum.) Milne-Redh.
- Megaphrynium Milne-Redh.
- Sarcophrynium K.Schum.
- Thaumatococcus Benth.
- Trachyphrynium Benth.
- Clade Donax
- Donax Lour.
- Myanmaranthus Nob.Tanaka, Suksathan & K.Armstr.[9]
- Phrynium Willd. (synonyms Cominsia Hemsl., Monophrynium K.Schum., and Phacelophrynium K.Schum.)
- Schumannianthus Gagnep.
- Thalia L.
- Clade Calathea
- Calathea G.Mey.
- Goeppertia Nees
- Ischnosiphon Körn.
- Monotagma K.Schum.
- Pleiostachya K.Schum.
- Sanblasia L.Andersson
- Clade Stachyphrynium
- Afrocalathea K.Schum.
- Marantochloa Brongn. ex Gris (synonym Ataenidia Gagnep.)
- Monophyllanthe K.Schum.
- Stachyphrynium K.Schum.
- Clade Maranta
- Ctenanthe Eichler
- Halopegia K.Schum.
- Indianthus Suksathan & Borchs.
- Maranta Plum. ex L. (synonyms Hylaeanthe A.M.E.Jonker & Jonker and Koernickanthe L.Andersson)
- Myrosma L.f.
- Saranthe (Regel & Körn.) Eichler
- Stromanthe Sond.
Seed dispersal
Arilated seeds of Marantaceae are dispersed mainly by birds and mammals. In Amazonia, crickets and ants are important secondary dispersers.[10]
Phytochemistry
Rosmarinic acid can be found in plants in the family Marantaceae such as species in the genera Maranta (Maranta leuconeura, Maranta depressa) and Thalia (Thalia geniculata).[11]
Rapid plant movement: secondary pollination presentation
Marantaceae have a distinctive pollination mechanism that is defined by an explosive style movement. It is commonly termed explosive because the action is swift, occurs only one time for each flower, and is irreversible.[12] This quick pollination event plays a significant role in optimizing mating and has been hypothesized to be a factor in the high level of speciation within this family.[3] There are two parts of the floral anatomy that contribute to the explosive pollination mechanism: the style and the hooded staminode.[3]
The secondary pollination presentation begins after a mechanical stimulus is introduced by a pollinator on the trigger appendage of the hooded staminode.[13][12] Touching this trigger causes the release of the style from the contacted staminode, leading to rapid inward rolling of the style which is no longer being held under high tension.[13][14] During this quick rolling movement, self pollen (located on top of the style) is deposited on the pollinator while cross-pollen is scooped off the pollinator into the stigmatic cavity.[14][12] This single action occurs very quickly with the full movement being clocked in at around 0.03 seconds.[14]
Uses
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Marantaceae R.Br.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001412-2.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kennedy, H. (2000). "Diversification in pollination mechanisms in the Marantaceae". Pp. 335-343 in Monocots: systematics and evolution, eds. K. L. Wilson and D. A. Morrison. Melbourne: CSIRO
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ley, A. C., and Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2011). "Evolution in African Marantaceae - evidence from phylogenetic, ecological and morphological studies". Syst. Bot. 36, 277–290. doi: 10.1600/036364411X569480
- ↑ "Marantaceae R.Br". https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-7000000361;jsessionid=F93342BCB22ECC3E4FA679537F960E04.
- ↑ Heywood Ph.D., Prof. V.H. (1978). Flowering Plants of the World. New York: Mayflower Books. p. 303.
- ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598.
- ↑ Sass et al 2016.
- ↑ "PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE PRAYER PLANT FAMILY: GETTING TO THE ROOT PROBLEM IN MARANTACEAE". https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PHYLOGENY-AND-BIOGEOGRAPHY-OF-THE-PRAYER-PLANT-%3A-TO-Prince-Kress/bddf42166386dc1e4743fcbba3409b4d34590c81.
- ↑ Nobuyuki Tanaka, Tetsuo Ohi-Toma, Piyakaset Suksathan, Mu Mu Aung, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Salasiah Mohamad and Kate E. Armstrong. 2022. Myanmaranthus roseiflorus, A New Genus and Species of Marantaceae from Myanmar. Journal of Japanese Botany. 97(4):187-196.
- ↑ Santana, Flávia Delgado; Baccaro, Fabricio Beggiato; Costa, Flávia Regina Capellotto (2016). "Busy Nights: High Seed Dispersal by Crickets in a Neotropical Forest" (in en). The American Naturalist 188 (5): E126–E133. doi:10.1086/688676. ISSN 0003-0147. PMID 27788347.
- ↑ Abdullah, Yana (2008). "Occurrence of rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin in Marantaceae species". Phytochemistry Letters 1 (4): 199–203. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2008.09.010. Bibcode: 2008PChL....1..199A.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Pischtschan E, Claßen-Bockhoff R (2008). "Setting-up tension in the style of Marantaceae". Plant Biol 10:441–450. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00051.x
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Jerominek M., Claßen-Bockhoff R. (2015). "Electrical signals in prayer plants (Marantaceae)? Insights into the trigger mechanism of the explosive style movement". PLoS One 10:e0126411. 10.1371/journal.pone.0126411
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Claßen‐Bockhoff R. (1991). "Investigations on the Construction of the Pollination Apparatus of Thalia geniculata (Marantaceae)". Botanica Acta, 74, 183–193.
Bibliography
- Andersson, Lennart (1981). "The neotropical genera of Marantaceae. Circumscription and relationships" (in en). Nordic Journal of Botany 1 (2): 218–245. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1981.tb00692.x. ISSN 0107-055X.
- Sass, C; Iles, WJ; Barrett, CF; Smith, SY; Specht, CD (21 January 2016). "Revisiting the Zingiberales: using multiplexed exon capture to resolve ancient and recent phylogenetic splits in a charismatic plant lineage.". PeerJ 4. doi:10.7717/peerj.1584. PMID 26819846.
External links
Data related to Marantaceae at Wikispecies- Marantaceae in the Flora of North America
- Marantaceae in the Flora of China
- links at CSDL
- Overview of family and genera
- Kew neotropikey
Template:Zingiberales Template:Angiosperm families Wikidata ☰ Q503296 entry
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