Biology:Marantaceae

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The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, or the prayer plant family, of flowering plants consisting of 28 genera[1] and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order.[2][3] Species of this family are found in lowland tropical forests of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The majority (80%) of the species are found in the American tropics, followed by Asian (11%) and African (9%) tropics.[2] They are commonly called the prayer-plant family and are also known for their unique secondary pollination presentation.

Description

The inflorescence is a spike or panicle, enclosed by spathe-like bracts. The flowers are small and often inconspicuous, irregular, and bisexual, usually with an outer three free sepals and an inner series of three petaloid-like segments, tube-like in appearance. The fruit is either fleshy or a loculicidal capsule.[4] Many species have only a single stamen and that stamen has only a single locule, an oddity they share only with the genus Canna.[5]

Taxonomy

The family consists of 28 genera[1] with about 570 known species,[6] found in the tropical areas of the world except in Australia. The biggest concentration is in the Americas, with seven genera in Africa, and six in Asia.

Cladogram: Phylogeny of Zingiberales[7]
Zingiberales
 
 
Zingiberineae
Zingiberariae
 

Zingiberaceae

 
 

Costaceae

 
 
Cannariae
 

Cannaceae

 
 

Marantaceae

 
 
 
 
Strelitziineae
 

Lowiaceae

 
 

Strelitziaceae

 
 
 

Heliconiaceae

 
 
 
 
 
 

Musaceae

 
 
 

Phylogenetic tree of the family.[8]

Marantaceae
 
 
 
 
Clade Maranta
 
 
 
 

Ctenanthe

 
 

Stromanthe

 
 
 
 

Myrosma

 
 

Saranthe

 
 
 
 
 
 

Koernickanthe

 
 

Maranta

 
 
 

Hylaeanthe

 
 
 
 
 

Halopegia

 
 

Indianthus

 
 
 
Clade Stachyphrynium
 
 

Afrocalathea

 
 

Stachyphrynium

 
 
 
 
 

Ataenidia

 
 

Marantochloa

 
 
 

Monophyllanthe

 
 
 
 
Clade Calathea
 
 
 
 

Ischnosiphon

 
 

Pleiostachya

 
 
 
 

Calathea

 
 

Sanblasia

 
 
 
 

Monotagma

 
 
 

Goeppertia

 
 
 
Clade Donax
 
 
 
 

Phrynium

 
 

Phacelophrynium

 
 
 

Cominsia

 
 
 
 

Donax

 
 

Schumannianthus

 
 
 
 

Thalia

 
 
 
Clade Sarcophrynium
 
 
 

Trachyphrynium

 
 

Hypselodelphys

 
 
 

Sarcophrynium

 
 
 
 

Megaphrynium

 
 

Thaumatococcus

 
 
 
 
Clade Haumania

Haumania

 
 

Genera

28 genera are accepted.[1]

Seed dispersal

Arilated seeds of Marantaceae are dispersed mainly by birds and mammals. In Amazonia, crickets and ants are important secondary dispersers.[10]

Phytochemistry

Rosmarinic acid can be found in plants in the family Marantaceae such as species in the genera Maranta (Maranta leuconeura, Maranta depressa) and Thalia (Thalia geniculata).[11]

Rapid plant movement: secondary pollination presentation

Marantaceae have a distinctive pollination mechanism that is defined by an explosive style movement. It is commonly termed explosive because the action is swift, occurs only one time for each flower, and is irreversible.[12] This quick pollination event plays a significant role in optimizing mating and has been hypothesized to be a factor in the high level of speciation within this family.[3] There are two parts of the floral anatomy that contribute to the explosive pollination mechanism: the style and the hooded staminode.[3]

The secondary pollination presentation begins after a mechanical stimulus is introduced by a pollinator on the trigger appendage of the hooded staminode.[13][12] Touching this trigger causes the release of the style from the contacted staminode, leading to rapid inward rolling of the style which is no longer being held under high tension.[13][14] During this quick rolling movement, self pollen (located on top of the style) is deposited on the pollinator while cross-pollen is scooped off the pollinator into the stigmatic cavity.[14][12] This single action occurs very quickly with the full movement being clocked in at around 0.03 seconds.[14]

Uses

Prayer plant "praying", i.e., raising its leaves for the evening

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Marantaceae R.Br.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001412-2. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kennedy, H. (2000). "Diversification in pollination mechanisms in the Marantaceae". Pp. 335-343 in Monocots: systematics and evolution, eds. K. L. Wilson and D. A. Morrison. Melbourne: CSIRO
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ley, Alexandra C.; Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine (June 1, 2011). "Evolution in African Marantaceae - Evidence from Phylogenetic, Ecological and Morphological Studies" (in en). Systematic Botany 36 (2): 277–290. doi:10.1600/036364411X569480. ISSN 0363-6445. Bibcode: 2011SysBo..36..277L. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1600/036364411X569480. 
  4. ↑ "Marantaceae R.Br". https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-7000000361;jsessionid=F93342BCB22ECC3E4FA679537F960E04. 
  5. ↑ Heywood Ph.D., Prof. V.H. (1978). Flowering Plants of the World. New York: Mayflower Books. p. 303. 
  6. ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. Bibcode: 2016Phytx.261..201C. http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598. 
  7. ↑ Sass et al 2016.
  8. ↑ "PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE PRAYER PLANT FAMILY: GETTING TO THE ROOT PROBLEM IN MARANTACEAE". https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PHYLOGENY-AND-BIOGEOGRAPHY-OF-THE-PRAYER-PLANT-%3A-TO-Prince-Kress/bddf42166386dc1e4743fcbba3409b4d34590c81. 
  9. ↑ Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Ohi-Toma, Tetsuo; Suksathan, Piyakaset; Aung, Mu Mu; Poulsen, Axel Dalberg; Mohamad, Salasiah; Armstrong, Kate E. (2022). "Myanmaranthus roseiflorus, a New Genus and Species of Marantaceae from Myanmar". The Journal of Japanese Botany 97 (4): 187–196. doi:10.51033/jjapbot.97_4_11177. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjapbot/97/4/97_11177/_article. 
  10. ↑ Santana, Flávia Delgado; Baccaro, Fabricio Beggiato; Costa, Flávia Regina Capellotto (2016). "Busy Nights: High Seed Dispersal by Crickets in a Neotropical Forest" (in en). The American Naturalist 188 (5): E126–E133. doi:10.1086/688676. ISSN 0003-0147. PMID 27788347. Bibcode: 2016ANat..188E.126S. 
  11. ↑ Abdullah, Yana (2008). "Occurrence of rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin in Marantaceae species". Phytochemistry Letters 1 (4): 199–203. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2008.09.010. Bibcode: 2008PChL....1..199A. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Pischtschan, E.; Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2008). "Setting-up tension in the style of Marantaceae" (in en). Plant Biology 10 (4): 441–450. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00051.x. ISSN 1435-8603. PMID 18557904. Bibcode: 2008PlBio..10..441P. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00051.x. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Jerominek, Markus; Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine (2015). Chen, Zhong-Hua. ed. "Electrical Signals in Prayer Plants (Marantaceae)? Insights into the Trigger Mechanism of the Explosive Style Movement" (in en). PLOS ONE 10 (5). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126411. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 25997015. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1026411J. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine (1991). "Untersuchungen zur Konstruktion des Bestäubungsapparates von Thalia geniculata (Marantaceen); Investigations on the Construction of the Pollination Apparatus of Thalia geniculata (Marantaceae)" (in en). Botanica Acta 104 (3): 183–193. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb00215.x. ISSN 0932-8629. Bibcode: 1991BotAc.104..183C. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb00215.x. 

Bibliography

Template:Zingiberales

Wikidata ☰ Q503296 entry



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