Biology:Microtheliopsis

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Microtheliopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Microtheliopsidaceae. It comprises four species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) crustose lichens.[1][2]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by the Swiss lichenologist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1890, with M. uleana assigned as the type, and at the time, only species.[3] The genus remained relatively obscure until a second species, from Costa Rica, was added in 1994.[4]

Description

Microtheliopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi that primarily grows on the leaves of understory plants and shrubs ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] and [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). The thallus, or main body of the lichen, forms a thin, crust-like (crustose) layer on the leaf surface. It lacks a protective outer layer (ecorticate) and has a rounded to irregular shape along its edges. The surface of the thallus can be smooth or sparsely covered with tiny hair-like structures ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]).[5]

The ascomata (sexual reproductive structures) are flask-shaped ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) and small, appearing as solitary, scattered bumps that are easily visible on the leaf surface. These perithecia are dark brown to black, rounded or slightly elongated, and partially embedded in the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] of the thallus. They are surrounded by irregular, dark brown fungal filaments (hyphae) and have a small opening at the top (ostiole) for spore release. The wall of the perithecium ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) is thin and made of a single layer of large, angular cells.[5]

Inside the perithecia, the spore-producing layer contains no sterile filaments ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) but instead has a gelatinous matrix. The asci (spore-bearing structures) are club-shaped ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) and have a double-layered wall ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), containing eight spores each. The spores themselves are spindle-shaped ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), divided into 1–3 sections (septate) or sometimes have a more complex internal structure ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|submuriform]]). They have smooth walls and rounded ends. The asexual reproductive form of Microtheliopsis is not yet known.[5]

Species

  • Microtheliopsis ramazaniana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz 2014)[6] – Congo
  • Microtheliopsis uleana Müll.Arg. (1890)[3] – South America
  • Microtheliopsis uniseptata Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2008)[7] – Mexico
  • Microtheliopsis winkleri Lücking (1994)[4] – Costa Rica

References

  1. ↑ "Microtheliopsis". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5SJC. 
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453 [136]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Müller, J. (1890). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXXIII" (in la). Flora (Regensburg) 73 (2): 187–202 [195]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/71824. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lücking, R. (1994). "A new foliicolous species of Microtheliopsis (Lichens, Microtheliopsidaceae) from Costa Rica". Mycotaxon 51: 69–73. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0051/0069.htm. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Doilom, M. (2018). "Mycosphere Notes 225–274: types and other specimens of some genera of Ascomycota". Mycosphere 9 (4): 647–754 [655]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/9/4/3. http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/28f9/72a7e4bfb06d9ab6e9bfe0fd9ab61fe521fc.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Van Den Broeck, Dries; Lücking, Robert; Ertz, Damien (2014). "The foliicolous lichen biota of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with the description of six new species". The Lichenologist 46 (2): 141–158. doi:10.1017/S0024282913000790. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260136246. 
  7. ↑ Lücking, Robert (2008). Foliicolous Lichenized Fungi. Flora Neotropica. 103. New York Botanical Garden Press. p. 182. 
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Wikidata ☰ Q10584863 entry



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