Biology:NIPA1
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 Generic protein structure example |
Non-imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NIPA1 gene.[1][2] This gene encodes a potential transmembrane protein which functions either as a receptor or transporter molecule, possibly as a magnesium transporter.[3] This protein is thought to play a role in nervous system development and maintenance. Alternative splice variants have been described, but their biological nature has not been determined. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the human genetic disease autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 6.[4][5]
Model organisms
| Characteristic | Phenotype |
|---|---|
| Homozygote viability | Normal |
| Fertility | Normal |
| Body weight | Normal |
| Anxiety | Normal |
| Neurological assessment | Normal |
| Grip strength | Normal |
| Hot plate | Normal |
| Dysmorphology | Normal |
| Indirect calorimetry | Normal |
| Glucose tolerance test | Normal |
| Auditory brainstem response | Normal |
| DEXA | Normal |
| Radiography | Normal |
| Body temperature | Normal |
| Eye morphology | Normal |
| Clinical chemistry | Normal |
| Plasma immunoglobulins | Normal |
| Haematology | Normal |
| Micronucleus test | Normal |
| Heart weight | Normal |
| Skin Histopathology | Normal |
| Brain histopathology | Normal |
| Salmonella infection | Normal[6] |
| Citrobacter infection | Normal[7] |
| All tests and analysis from[8][9] |
Model organisms have been used in the study of NIPA1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Nipa1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi[10][11] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.[12][13][14]
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[8][15] Twenty four tests were carried out on mutant mice but no significant abnormalities were observed.[8]
References
- ↑ "NIPA1 gene mutations cause autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG6)". Am J Hum Genet 73 (4): 967–71. Sep 2003. doi:10.1086/378817. PMID 14508710.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: NIPA1 non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=123606.
- ↑ "NIPA1(SPG6), the basis for autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, encodes a functional Mg2+ transporter.". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (11): 8060–8. 2007. doi:10.1074/jbc.M610314200. PMID 17166836.
- ↑ "A novel NIPA1 mutation associated with a pure form of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia.". Neurogenetics 6 (2): 79–84. 2005. doi:10.1007/s10048-004-0209-9. PMID 15711826.
- ↑ "NIPA1 gene mutations cause autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG6).". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73 (4): 967–71. 2003. doi:10.1086/378817. PMID 14508710.
- ↑ "Salmonella infection data for Nipa1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBMV/salmonella-challenge/.
- ↑ "Citrobacter infection data for Nipa1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBMV/citrobacter-challenge/.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica 88 (S248). doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
- ↑ Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "International Knockout Mouse Consortium". http://www.knockoutmouse.org/martsearch/search?query=Nipa1.
- ↑ "Mouse Genome Informatics". http://www.informatics.jax.org/searchtool/Search.do?query=MGI:4363744.
- ↑ Skarnes, W. C.; Rosen, B.; West, A. P.; Koutsourakis, M.; Bushell, W.; Iyer, V.; Mujica, A. O.; Thomas, M. et al. (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMID 21677750.
- ↑ Dolgin E (June 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
- ↑ "A mouse for all reasons". Cell 128 (1): 9–13. January 2007. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
- ↑ "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism.". Genome Biol 12 (6): 224. 2011. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMID 21722353.
Further reading
- "Expression of 4 genes between chromosome 15 breakpoints 1 and 2 and behavioral outcomes in Prader-Willi syndrome.". Pediatrics 118 (4): e1276–83. 2006. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0424. PMID 16982806.
- "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. 2006. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMID 16335952.
- "Clinical and genetic study of a Brazilian family with spastic paraplegia (SPG6 locus).". Mov. Disord. 21 (2): 279–81. 2006. doi:10.1002/mds.20775. PMID 16267846.
- "Distinct novel mutations affecting the same base in the NIPA1 gene cause autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in two Chinese families.". Hum. Mutat. 25 (2): 135–41. 2006. doi:10.1002/humu.20126. PMID 15643603.
- "Identification of four highly conserved genes between breakpoint hotspots BP1 and BP2 of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndromes deletion region that have undergone evolutionary transposition mediated by flanking duplicons.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73 (4): 898–925. 2003. doi:10.1086/378816. PMID 14508708.
- "Analysis of mRNA with microsomal fractionation using a SAGE-based DNA microarray system facilitates identification of the genes encoding secretory proteins.". Genome Res. 13 (7): 1728–36. 2003. doi:10.1101/gr.709603. PMID 12805275.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "Hereditary spastic paraplegia linked to chromosome 15q: Analysis of candidate genes.". Neurology 46 (3): 835–6. 1996. doi:10.1212/wnl.46.3.835. PMID 8618696.
- "Autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia: tight linkage to chromosome 15q.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 56 (1): 188–92. 1995. PMID 7825577.
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