Biology:Nigorella hirsuta

Short description: Species of spider

Nigorella hirsuta
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Salticidae
Subfamily:	Salticinae
Genus:	Nigorella
Species:	N. hirsuta
Binomial name
Nigorella hirsuta Wesołowska, 2009

Nigorella hirsuta is a species of jumping spider in the genus Nigorella that lives in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It was first describedin 2009 by Wanda Wesołowska. The spider is medium-sized, with a carapace that is between 3.5 and 4.7 mm (0.14 and 0.19 in) long and an abdomen that is between 3.2 and 6.6 mm (0.13 and 0.26 in) long. The female is larger than the male. The carapace is generally dark brown and hairy. While the male abdomen is similarly hairy and dark brown, the female abdomen is more grey. The species has been confused with the related Nigorella plebeja. However, it can be generally identified by the strongly sclerotized cups in the female epigyne and the male's longer embolus.

Taxonomy

Nigorella hirsuta is a jumping spider species first described by Wanda Wesołowska in 2009. It is one of over 500 species identified by the Polish scientist. She allocated it to the genus Nigorella, raised by Wesołowska and Tomasiewicz in 2008. The genus name is described by Wanda Wesołowska and Beata Tomasiewicz as an arbitrary arrangement of letters. Medium-sized to large, the spiders resemble Hyllus, but differs in the design of the copulatory organs. In 2015, Wayne Maddison listed the genus in the subtribe Plexippina in the tribe Plexippini. Previously termed Plexippeae, by Eugène Simon in 1901, this tribe is part of the clade Saltafresia. In 2017, the genus was grouped with seven other genera of jumping spiders under the name Evarchines, named after the genus Evarcha, by Jerzy Prószyński. The species name recalls the hairy body of the spider.

Description

Nigorella hirsuta is a medium-sized spider. The male has an oval dark brown carapace that is covered in scales that is typically between 3.5 and 3.7 mm (0.14 and 0.15 in) long and 2.7 and 2.9 mm (0.11 and 0.11 in) wide. It is covered in dense dark hairs. The eye field is short and black. The abdomen is slightly narrower, between 3.2 and 3.5 mm (0.13 and 0.14 in) long and between 2.1 and 2.3 mm (0.083 and 0.091 in) wide. It is oval and dark brown with dense long dark hairs. There are traces of lighter patches vissible. The chelicerae are unidentate. The clypeus is low and dark with black hairs. The spinnerets are dark and the legs are dark brown. The pedipalps are dark with a round tegulum and straight appendage, or apophysis, attached to the tibia and extending from the palpal bulb. The embolus has an attached tegular apophysis.

The female is similar in shape to the male but significantly larger. It has a carapace that measures between 4.4 and 4.7 mm (0.17 and 0.19 in) in length and between 3.1 and 3.7 mm (0.12 and 0.15 in) in width and an abdomen that is between 6.4 and 6.6 mm (0.25 and 0.26 in) long and between 4.2 and 4.7 mm (0.17 and 0.19 in) wide. The carapace is dark brown with dark hairs like the male. The abdomen is dark grey on top and dark with four rows of white dots on the bottom. The epigyne has marked sclerotization, with are two widely spaced depressions and a broad pocket visible on it. The internal structure is relatively simple with the seminal ducts having limited loops.

The spider is similar to others in the genus. It can be distinguished by its longer embolus and the strongly sclerotized cups in the female that hide the gonopores. It has been confused with the related Nigorella plebeja, with examples of this species being initially incorrectly allocated. The pocket in the epigyne is smaller than Nigorella albimana, which helps distinguish the species.

Distribution

Nigorella hirsuta lives in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It is known to have a range that stretches across central and eastern South Africa. The holotype was collected from the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area in Zimbabwe in 2001 by Meg Cumming. It has also been found in the Sandveld Nature Reserve in Free State, Ndumo Game Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal, Thabela Thabeng Mountain Retreat near Potchefstroom in North West province, all in South Africa, and near Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. The species prefers woodland areas populated with species like Searsia lancea. It is a ground-dwelling spider often found at the bottom of grass tussocks. It can also be found near rivers.

References

Bibliography

• Haddad, Charles R.; Wesołowska, Wanda (2011). "New species and new records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from central South Africa". African Invertebrates 52 (1): 51–134. doi:10.5733/afin.052.0105. 
• Maddison, Wayne P. (2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". The Journal of Arachnology 43 (3): 231–292. doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292. 
• Prószyński, Jerzy (2017). "Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae)". Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1–133. doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1. 
• Wesołowska, Wanda (2009). "A Revision of the African Spider Genus Nigorella (Araneae: Salticidae)". Annales Zoologici 59 (4): 517–525. doi:10.3161/000345409X484900. 
• Wesołowska, Wanda; Cumming, Meg S. (2011). "New species and records of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sengwa Wildlife Research Area in Zimbabwe". Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 7: 75–104. 
• Wesołowska, Wanda; Haddad, Charles R. (2009). "Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of the Ndumo Game Reserve, Maputaland, South Africa". African Invertebrates 50: 30–103. doi:10.5733/afin.050.0102. 
• Wesołowska, Wanda; Tomasiewicz, Beata (2008). "New species and records of Ethiopian jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)". Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 4: 3–59. 
• Wiśniewski, Konrad (2020). "Over 40 years with jumping spiders: on the 70th birthday of Wanda Wesołowska". Zootaxa 4899 (1): 5–14. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.3. PMID 33756825. 

Wikidata ☰ Q2093867 entry