Biology:Nisotra
| Nisotra | |
|---|---|
| |
| Nisotra bicolorata, Australia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Galerucinae |
| Tribe: | Alticini |
| Genus: | Nisotra Baly, 1864 |
Nisotra is a genus of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. They are found in Africa, Asia, and Australia. There are around 90 described species in Nisotra, including about 70 in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. Many of these species are agricultural pests.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Description
Nisotra can be recognised by: a thickset and distinctly convex body; the pronotum as wide of the elytra basally; the pronotum anterior margin with two longitudinal groove-like impressions, often deeply impressed and sometimes reaching middle of pronotum.[6]
Diet
Nisotra feed on plants in the families Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Tiliaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae and Orchidaceae.[7]
Larvae feed on roots (boring in stems has also been reported[8]), while adults feed on leaves.[9]
Pests
In the Solomon Islands, N. basselae is a pest on bele (Abelmoschus manihot). Its impact is so severe that bele is no longer grown in many places on the islands.[9]
Nisotra chrysomeloides is a pest on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Its abundance varies depending on temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.[10] Another okra pest is Nisotra sjostedti.[11]
Species
These species, among others, belong to the genus Nisotra:
- Nisotra apicalis Jacoby 1899
- Nisotra aruwimiana Weise
- Nisotra basselae (Bryant)
- Nisotra bicolorata Csiki, 1940
- Nisotra breweri Baly, 1877
- Nisotra brunnea Jacoby 1894
- Nisotra ceylonensis Jacoby 1899
- Nisotra chapuisi Jacoby 1876
- Nisotra chrysomeloides Jacoby 1885
- Nisotra dilecta (Dalman, 1823)
- Nisotra dohertyi Maulik, 1926
- Nisotra fulva (Medvedev, 2018)
- Nisotra gemella (Erichson, 1834)
- Nisotra goudoti Harold, 1875
- Nisotra insulana Medvedev, 2008
- Nisotra javana Motschulsky, 1866
- Nisotra javanica
- Nisotra klugii Jacoby 1892
- Nisotra lineella Weise, 1916
- Nisotra madagascariensis Jacoby 1901
- Nisotra madurensis Jacoby, 1896
- Nisotra malayana Medvedev, 2016
- Nisotra mera Weise, 1916
- Nisotra nigripennis Jacoby 1903
- Nisotra nigripes Jacoby 1894
- Nisotra obliterata Jacoby
- Nisotra oneili Jacoby 1906
- Nisotra orbiculata Motschulsky, 1866
- Nisotra pallida Jacoby, 1898
- Nisotra semicoerulea Jacoby 1903
- Nisotra sjostedti Jacoby 1903
- Nisotra sordida Weise, 1916
- Nisotra spadicea (Dalman, 1823)
- Nisotra striatipennis Jacoby
- Nisotra submetallica Blackburn, 1894
- Nisotra terminata Jacoby 1894
- Nisotra theobromae Laboissiere, 1920
- Nisotra uniformis Jacoby 1906
- Nisotra xinjiangana Zhang & Yang, 2007
References
- ↑ "Nisotra". https://www.gbif.org/species/4732773.
- ↑ Nadein, K. S. (2013). "Catalogue of Alticini genera of the World (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zoological Institute, Saint-Petersburg. https://www.zin.ru/animalia/coleoptera/eng/alticini.htm.
- ↑ "Nisotra sjostedti". https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/36353.
- ↑ "Genus Nisotra". https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/Taxa.cfm?execute=true&genus=Nisotra.
- ↑ "Nisotra". https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1NISOG.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Biondi, Maurizio; D’Alessandro, Paola (2012). "Afrotropical flea beetle genera: a key to their identification, updated catalogue and biogeographical analysis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)". ZooKeys (253): 1–158. doi:10.3897/zookeys.253.3414. PMID 23378812.
- ↑ "Nisotra Baly, 1864". https://www.zin.ru/animalia/coleoptera/addpages/Nadein/Nisotra.htm.
- ↑ "Small Blue Leaf Beetle - Nisotra breweri". https://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_leafbeetles/SmallBlueLeafBeetle.htm.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Bele (Abelmoschus) flea beetle (022)". https://apps.lucidcentral.org/pppw_v10/text/web_full/entities/bele_abelmoschus_flea_beetle_022.htm.
- ↑ Mani, J. K.; Pal, S. (2013). "Influence of weather factors on the abundance of flea beetle (Nisotra chrysomeloides Jacoby) infesting okra". Crop Research 46: 208–211. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281454462.
- ↑ Odewole, A F; Adebayo, T A; Dada, A O (2016). "Efficacy of Plant Based Insecticides in Control of Leaf Defoliators (Podagrica uniformis Jacoby and Nisotra sjostedti Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)" (in en). Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition) 23 (4): 1–7. doi:10.1016/S1006-8104(17)30001-6. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1006810417300016.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q46791534 entry
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