Biology:Nycteribiidae
| Nycteribiidae | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Nycteribiidae Samouelle, 1819 |
| Subfamilies | |
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Three; see text | |
Nycteribiidae is a family of the true fly superfamily Hippoboscoidea are known as "bat flies", together with their close relatives the Streblidae. As the latter do not seem to be a monophyletic group, it is conceivable that bat flies cannot be united into a single family.[1]
They are flattened, spiderlike flies without eyes or wings, and as such bear very little resemblance to other Dipterans. These flies are seldom encountered by general collectors, as they almost never leave the bodies of their hosts. Both males and females take blood meals, thus they qualify as real parasites. Most species are highly host-specific. The family is primarily found in the Old World tropics; a few of the 274[2] known species occur in the Neotropics and in Europe.
Genera
- Subfamily Archinycteribiinae Maa, 1975
- Archinycteribia Speiser, 1901
- Subfamily Cyclopodiinae Maa, 1965
- Cyclopodia Kolenati, 1863
- Dipseliopoda Theodor, 1955
- Eucampsipoda Kolenati, 1857
- Leptocyclopodia Theodor, 1959
- Subfamily Nycteribiinae Westwood, 1835
- Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903
- Hershkovitzia Guimarães & d'Andretta, 1956
- Nycteribia Latreille, 1796
- Penicillidia Kolenati, 1863
- Phthiridium Hermann, 1804
- Stereomyia Theodor, 1967[2]
- Stylidia Westwood, 1840
Morphology
One of the key morphological features of Nycteribiidae is their highly reduced compound eyes. Many species of Nycteribiidae contain no visible eyes or contain only rudimentary eye spots. None of the species contain wings. They have backward folded legs that resemble those of spiders and a dorsally inserted head.[3]
References
- ↑ Frederik Torp Petersen; Rudolf Meier; Sujatha Narayanan Kutty; Brian M. Wiegmann (2007). "The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (1): 111–122. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.023. PMID 17583536.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gustavo Graciolli; Carl W. Dick (October 22, 2008). Checklist of World Nycteribiidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea). Field Museum of Natural History. http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/cdick/Nycteribiidae_Checklist_22oct08.pdf. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
- ↑ Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., Marion Kotrba, and Robert S. Copeland. "Further details of the morphology of the enigmatic African fly Mormotomyia hirsuta Austen (Diptera: Mormotomyiidae)." African Invertebrates 52.1 (2011): 145-165.
Further reading
- Dick, C. W., & Patterson, B. D. (2006). "Bat flies: Obligate ectoparasites of bats". Micromammals and Macroparasites. Tokyo: Springer. pp. 179–194. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-36025-4_11. ISBN 9784431360247. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-4-431-36025-4_11.
- Bertola, P.B.; Aires, C.C.; Favorito, S.E.; Graciolli, G.; Amaku, M.; Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2005). "Bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae) parasitic on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite associations". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 100 (1): 25–32. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762005000100005. PMID 15867959. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v100n1/v100n1a05.pdf.
- Graciolli, G.; Moura, M.O. (2005). "Basilia quadrosae sp. nov. (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), member of the ferruginea group, from southern Brazil" (PDF excerpt). Zootaxa 1087: 33–38. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1087.1.2. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/z01087p038f.pdf.
- Graciolli, G.; Passos, F.C.; Pedro, W.A.; Lim, B.K. (200). "Records of Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera) on vespertilionid bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from São Paulo State, Brazil". Journal of the New York Entomological Society 110 (3): 402–404. doi:10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[402:ROSAND2.0.CO;2]. HTML abstract
- Graciolli, G.; Autino, A.G.; Claps, G.L. (2007). "Catalogue of American Nycteribiidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea)". Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 51 (2): 142–159. doi:10.1590/S0085-56262007000200004. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbent/v51n2/04.pdf.
- Haelewaters, D., Pfliegler, W. P., Szentiványi, T., Földvári, M., Sándor, A. D., Barti, L., ... & Dick, C. W. (2017). "Parasites of parasites of bats: Laboulbeniales (Fungi: Ascomycota) on bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in central Europe.". Parasites & Vectors 10 (1): 96. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2022-y. PMID 28222795.
- Szentiványi T., Estók P., Földvári M. (2016). "Checklist of host associations of European bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae, Streblidae).". Zootaxa 4205 (2): 101–126. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4205.2.1. PMID 27988583. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311440364.
External links
- Diptera.info Images
- Nycteribiidae page at British Insects: Diptera Families (Contains links to illustrations)
Wikidata ☰ Q301085 entry
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