Biology:Ophioparmaceae
The Ophioparmaceae are a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Umbilicariales.[1]
Taxonomy
The family was circumscribed in 1988 by the lichenologists Roderick Westgarth Rogers and Josef Hafellner.[2]
Description
Members of the family Ophioparmaceae are crustose or squamulose lichens, forming either thin, crust-like patches or collections of small, scale-like [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. They do not produce isidia (tiny bud-like outgrowths), and soralia—the powdery patches of reproductive [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]—are either absent or arise along the edges of the squamules. The photosynthetic partner is a green alga of the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] type, meaning simple spherical cells of the genus Trebouxia and its allies.[3]
The fruiting bodies are disc-like apothecia that sit directly on the thallus surface, usually red to black in colour and sometimes covered with a pale dusting ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). These [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are flat and may have a slightly wavy margin; the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], formed from thallus tissue, can be present or absent depending on the species. The apothecial wall ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) is typically raised and persistent, though in some cases it becomes excluded as the apothecium ages. Internally, the spore-bearing tissue (hymenium) turns blue with iodine staining, a diagnostic reaction. The asci are cylindrical to club-shaped and usually contain eight ascospores, with a well-developed apical dome that also reacts blue in iodine, corresponding to the Biatora-type ascus.[3]
The spores themselves are colourless and vary from simple, single-celled, ellipsoid to spindle-shaped forms, to much longer, multi-septate spores that are coiled helically inside the ascus. In addition to sexual reproduction, these lichens form pycnidia—small flask-shaped or rounded structures that produce asexual spores. The pycnidia may be black-walled or colourless, and release tiny, rod-like conidia. Chemically, the family is characterised by the production of orcinol depsides, especially lecanoric acid; some species also contain haemoventosin and other unidentified secondary metabolites.[3]
Genera
- Boreoplaca Timdal (1994)[4] – 1 sp.
- Hypocenomyce M.Choisy (1951) – 3 spp.
- Ophioparma Norman (1852) – 9 spp.
The type specimen of Rhizoplacopsis weichingii has been shown to be identical with that of Boreoplaca ultrafrigida, so the genus Rhizoplacopsis has been subsumed into Boreoplaca.[5]
References
- ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
- ↑ Rogers, R. W.; Hafellner, J. (2007). "Haematomma and Ophioparma: Two superficially similar genera of lichenized fungi". The Lichenologist 20 (2): 167–174. doi:10.1017/S0024282988000179.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cannon, Paul; Fryday, Alan; Coppins, Brian; Aptroot, André; Sanderson, Neil; Simkin, Janet (2024). Umbilicariales, including Elixia (Elixiaceae), Fuscidea (Fuscideaceae), Hypocenomyce and Ophioparma (Ophioparmaceae), Ropalospora (Ropalosporaceae) and Lasallia, Umbilicaria and Xylopsora (Umbilicariaceae). Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 39. p. 10. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Umbilicariales.pdf.
- ↑ Timdal, E. (1994). "Boreoplaca ultrafrigida, a new lichen genus and species from continental Siberia". Mycotaxon 51: 503–508. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0051/0503.htm.
- ↑ Davydov, Evgeny A.; Wei, Jiang-Chun (2009). "Boreoplaca ultrafrigida (Umbilicariales), the correct name for Rhizoplacopsis weichingii". Mycotaxon 108: 301–305. doi:10.5248/108.301. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233494152.
Wikidata ☰ Q7097957 entry
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