Biology:Optogenetic actuator
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Optogenetic actuators are proteins that modify the activity of the cell in which they are expressed when that cell is exposed to light.
Background
These actuators can be used to induce single or multiple action potentials, suppress neural activity, or modify biochemical signaling pathways, with millisecond control over the timing of events. The most powerful and widely used actuators are opsins, light-sensitive transmembrane proteins.[1] Opsins are found in a variety of organisms ranging from microbes to primates.[2]
Optogenetic actuators can be used as found in nature or engineered to optimize functioning in neuroscientific experiments.[3]
References
- ↑ Guru, Akash; Post, Ryan J.; Ho, Yi-Yun; Warden, Melissa R. (2015-07-25). "Making Sense of Optogenetics". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 18 (11). doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyv079. ISSN 1469-5111. PMID 26209858.
- ↑ Ernst, Oliver P.; Lodowski, David T.; Elstner, Marcus; Hegemann, Peter; Brown, Leonid S.; Kandori, Hideki (2014-01-08). "Microbial and animal rhodopsins: structures, functions, and molecular mechanisms". Chemical Reviews 114 (1): 126–163. doi:10.1021/cr4003769. ISSN 1520-6890. PMID 24364740.
- ↑
This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license. Ju, William (November 1, 2023). Neuroscience. Toronto: University of Toronto. 3.2 Molecular toolbox - Neuroal Circuits: The Basics.
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 Neuroscience: Canadian First Edition, William Ju, University of Toronto. To learn how to add open license text to HandWiki articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from HandWiki, please see the terms of use.
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