Biology:Oreobates
Oreobates is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae.[1] Most species were formerly in the genus Ischnocnema, but were moved to this revalidated genus following a 2006 revision.[2] Its sister taxon is Lynchius.[1]
These frogs are found in the lower slopes of the Andes into the upper Amazon Basin from Colombia south to northern Argentina and east into western Brazil.[1]
A 2021 phylogenomic study found that Oreobates comprises two main clades: a northern group (Colombia–Peru) and a southern clade (Bolivia–Argentina), largely segregated by the elevational gradient.[3] The study also found that highland species are less genetically diverse than their lowland relatives and carry more nonsynonymous mutations — a pattern consistent with historically smaller, more isolated populations and reduced efficacy of natural selection in mountain habitats.
Description
Frogs in the genus Oreobates are small to medium-sized with males measuring 20–44 mm (0.79–1.73 in) and females 25–63 mm (0.98–2.48 in) in snout–vent length. They are generally brownish in colour. Body is robust with a short snout. The toes lack discs and fingers have reduced or absent discs; there is no webbing.[4]
Species of the genus Oreobates lay terrestrial eggs that undergo direct development.[4]
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Oreobates:[1]
- Oreobates amarakaeri Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012
- Oreobates antrum Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Andrade, and Amaro, 2018
- Oreobates ayacucho (Lehr, 2007)
- Oreobates barituensis Vaira & Ferrari, 2008
- Oreobates berdemenos Pereyra, Cardozo, Baldo, and Baldo, 2014
- Oreobates chiquitanus Pansonato, Motta, Cacciali, Haddad, Strüssmann, and Jansen, 2020
- Oreobates choristolemma (Harvey and Sheehy, 2005)
- Oreobates colanensis Venegas, García Ayachi, Ormeño, Bullard, Catenazzi, and Motta, 2021
- Oreobates cruralis (Boulenger, 1902)
- Oreobates discoidalis (Peracca, 1895)
- Oreobates gemcare Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012
- Oreobates granulosus (Boulenger, 1903)
- Oreobates heterodactylus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)
- Oreobates ibischi (Reichle, Lötters, and De la Riva, 2001)
- Oreobates lehri (Padial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2007)
- Oreobates lundbergi (Lehr, 2005)
- Oreobates machiguenga Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012
- Oreobates madidi (Padial, Gonzales-Álvarez, and De la Riva, 2005)
- Oreobates pereger (Lynch, 1975)
- Oreobates quixensis Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
- Oreobates remotus Teixeira, Amaro, Recoder, Sena, and Rodrigues, 2012
- Oreobates sanctaecrucis (Harvey and Keck, 1995)
- Oreobates sanderi (Padial, Reichle, and De la Riva, 2005)
- Oreobates saxatilis (Duellman, 1990)
- Oreobates yanucu Köhler and Padial, 2016
- Oreobates zongoensis (Reichle and Köhler, 1997)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada, 1872". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Brachycephaloidea/Strabomantidae/Pristimantinae/Oreobates.
- ↑ Caramaschi, Ulisses; Canedo, Clarrisa (2006). "Reassessment of the taxonomic status of the genera Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 and Oreobates Jiménez-de-la-Espada, 1872, with notes on the synonymy of Leiuperus verrucosus Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Leptodactylidae)". Zootaxa 1116: 43–54. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1116.1.3. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01116p054f.pdf.
- ↑ Montero-Mendieta, Santiago; De la Riva, Ignacio; Irisarri, Iker; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Webster, Matthew T.; Vilà, Carles (2021). "Phylogenomics and evolutionary history of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) — Neotropical frogs along elevational gradients". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 161. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107167.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Padial, José M.; Chaparro, Juan C.; De La Riva, Ignacio (2008). "Systematics of Oreobates and the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Amphibia, Anura), based on two mitochondrial DNA genes and external morphology". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152 (4): 737–773. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00372.x. https://zenodo.org/record/5442692.
Wikidata ☰ Q2142727 entry
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