Biology:Orobanche

From HandWiki
Short description: Genus of parasitic plants in the broomrape family

Broomrape
Naked broomrape (Orobanche uniflora)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Tribe: Orobancheae
Genus: Orobanche
L.
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Aphyllon Mitch.
  • Boulardia F.W.Schultz
  • Catodiacrum Dulac
  • Ceratocalyx Coss.
  • Chorobanche C.Presl
  • Gymnocaulis Nutt.
  • Kopsia Dumort.
  • Loxanthes Raf.
  • Myzorrhiza Phil.
  • Necranthus Gilli
  • Orobanchella Piwow., M.Nobis & Madeja
  • Phelipanche Pomel
  • Platypholis Maxim.
  • Thalesia Raf. ex Britton

Orobanche, commonly known as broomrape, is a genus of almost 200 species of small parasitic herbaceous plants, mostly native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.[2] It is the type genus of the broomrape family Orobanchaceae.

Description

Broomrapes are generally small, only 10–60 centimetres (4–24 inches) tall depending on species. They are best recognized by the yellow- to straw-coloured stems completely lacking chlorophyll, bearing yellow, white, or blue snapdragon-like flowers. The flower shoots are scaly, with a dense terminal spike of 10-20 flowers in most species, although single in one-flowered broomrape (Orobanche uniflora). The leaves are merely triangular scales. The seeds are minute, tan or brown, blackening with age. These plants generally flower from late winter to late spring. When they are not flowering, no part of the plants is visible above the surface of the soil.

Parasitism

As they have no chlorophyll, the broomrapes are totally dependent on other plants for nutrients. Broomrape seeds remain dormant in the soil, often for many years, until stimulated to germinate by certain compounds produced by living plant roots.[3] Broomrape seedlings put out a root-like growth, which attaches to the roots of nearby hosts. Once attached to a host, the broomrape robs its host of water and nutrients.

Some species are only able to parasitise a single plant species, and they are often named after the plant they parasitise, such as ivy broomrape (O. hederae) being restricted to parasitising ivy. Others can infect several genera, such as the lesser broomrape O. minor, which lives on clover and other related Fabaceae.

Branched broomrape Orobanche ramosa, native to central and southwestern Europe but widely naturalised elsewhere, is considered a major threat to crops in some areas. Plants that it targets are tomato, eggplant, potato, cabbage, coleus, bell pepper, sunflower, celery, and beans. In heavily infested areas, branched broomrape can cause total crop failure.

The bean broomrape Orobanche crenata, which targets the fava bean, has stems that are gathered and eaten in the Italian region of Apulia.[4]

Etymology

The generic name Orobanche comes from the Greek ὀροβάγχη (orobánkhē), from ὄροβος (órobos "bitter vetch") + ἄγχω (ánkhō (I) "strangle").[5][6] The common name "broomrape" comes from the English "broom" (a plant) + Latin rapum ('tuber').[7]

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Orobanche:[1]

  • Orobanche aconiti-lycoctoni Moreno Mor., G.Gómez, Ó.Sánchez, Carlón & M.Laínz
  • Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. — Egyptian broomrape; Fenzhi broomrape
  • Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. — Thyme broomrape; baihua broomrape
  • Orobanche alsatica Kirschl. — Alsace broomrape; Duose broomrape
  • Orobanche amethystea Thuill. — Eryngium broomrape
  • Orobanche amoena C.A.Mey.
  • Orobanche anatolica Boiss. & Reut.
  • Orobanche androssovii Novopokr.
  • Orobanche angustelaciniata Gilli
  • Orobanche apuana Domina & Soldano
  • Orobanche arenaria Borkh. — Wormwood broomrape
  • Orobanche arizonica L.T.Collins
  • Orobanche armena Tzvelev
  • Orobanche arpica Piwow., Ó.Sánchez & Moreno Mor.
  • Orobanche artemisiae-campestris Vaucher ex Gaudin
  • Orobanche astragali Mouterde
  • Orobanche auranitica Mouterde
  • Orobanche australiana F.Muell.
  • Orobanche australis Moris ex Bertol.
  • Orobanche ballii (Maire) Domina
  • Orobanche ballotae A.Pujadas
  • Orobanche balsensis (J.A.Guim.) Carlón, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor. & Ó.Sánchez
  • Orobanche bartlingii Griseb.
  • Orobanche baumanniorum Greuter
  • Orobanche beauverdii Uhlich & Rätzel
  • Orobanche benkertii Rätzel & Uhlich
  • Orobanche boninsimae (Maxim.) Tuyama
  • Orobanche borissovae Novopokr.Lua error: not enough memory.
  • Orobanche brachypoda Novopokr.Lua error: not enough memory.
  • Orobanche brassicae (Novopokr.) Novopokr.Lua error: not enough memory.
  • Orobanche bulbosa BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche bungeana BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche caesia Rchb.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche calendulae PomelLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche californica Cham. & Schltdl.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche campanulae Rätzel, Ristow & UhlichLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche camphorosmae (Carlón, G.Gómez, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor., Ó.Sánchez & Schneew.) A.Pujadas & TrianoLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche camptolepis Boiss. & Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche canescens C.PreslLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Bedstraw broomrape; Simao broomstraw
  • Orobanche castellana Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cathae DeflersLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche caucasica BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche centaurina Bertol.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cernua Loefl.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Nodding broomrape; Wanguan broomrape
  • Orobanche chilensis (Phil.) BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche chironii Lojac.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche chrysacanthi MaireLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cilicica BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cistanchoides BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche clarkei Hook.f.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Xizang broomrape
  • Orobanche clausonis PomelLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche coelestis (Reut.) Boiss. & Reut. ex BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Changchi broomrape
  • Orobanche coerulescens StephanLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cohenii Domina & DaninLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche connata K.KochLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cooperi (A.Gray) A.HellerLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Cooper's broomrape
  • Orobanche corymbosa (Rydb.) FerrisLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Flat-top broomrape
  • Orobanche crenata Forssk.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Bean broomrape
  • Orobanche cumana Wallr.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cypria Reut. ex KotschyLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cyrenaica Beck ex E.A.Durand & BarratteLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche cyrnea Jeanm., Habashi & ManenLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche dalmatica (Beck) TzvelevLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche daninii Domina & RaimondoLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Bertol.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche denudata MorisLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche dhofarensis M.J.Y.FoleyLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche ducellieri MaireLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche dugesii (S.Watson) MunzLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche ebuli Huter & RigoLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche elatior SuttonLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Knapweed broomrape; Duanchun broomrape
  • Orobanche eriophora Bornm. & GaubaLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche esulae PančićLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche fasciculata Nutt.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Cluster broomrape; fascicled broomrape
  • Orobanche flava Mart. ex F.W.SchultzLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Butterbur broomrape
  • Orobanche foetida Poir.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche fuscovinosa MaireLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche gamosepala Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche georgii-reuteri (Carlón, et al.) A.PujadasLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche gigantea (Beck) Gontsch.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche glabricaulis TzvelevLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche gracilis Sm.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Slender broomrape
  • Orobanche gratiosa (Webb & Berthel.) Linding.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche grenieri F.W.SchultzLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche grisebachii Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche grossheimii Novopokr.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche gussoneana (Lojac.) ined.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche hadroantha BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche haenseleri Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche hansii A.Kern.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche hederae DubyLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. – Ivy broomrape
  • Orobanche hedypnoidis (Rätzel, Ristow & Uhlich) HandLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche heldreichii (Reut.) BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche hirtiflora (Reut.) BurkillLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche humbertii MaireLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche hymenocalyx Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche hypertomentosa M.J.Y.FoleyLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche iammonensis A.Pujadas & P.FragaLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche iberica (Beck) TzvelevLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche inexspectata (Carlón, et al.) Domina, Greuter, P.Marino & P.Schäf.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche ingens (Beck) TzvelevLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche inulae Novopokr. & AbramovLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche javakhetica Piwow., Ó.Sánchez & Moreno Mor.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche kashmirica C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche kelleri Novopokr.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Duanchi broomrape
  • Orobanche kotschyi Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Yitong broomrape
  • Orobanche krylowii BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Siduomao broomrape
  • Orobanche kurdica Boiss. & Hausskn.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche lainzii (Gómez Nav., Roselló, Peris, A.Valdés & Sanchis) Triano & A.PujadasLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche laserpitii-sileris Reut. ex Jord.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche latisquama (F.W.Schultz) Batt.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche lavandulacea Rchb.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche laxissima Uhlich & RätzelLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche leptantha PomelLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche libanotica (Schweinf. ex Boiss.) Dinsm.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche litorea Guss.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche longibracteata Schiman-CzeikaLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche loscosii Carlón, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor. & Ó.SánchezLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche lucorum A.Braun ex F.W.SchultzLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Barberry Broomrape
  • Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Prairie broomrape; desert broomrape
  • Orobanche lutea Baumg.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Medick broomrape
  • Orobanche lycoctoni RhinerLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche megalantha Harry Sm.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Dahua broomrape
  • Orobanche minor Sm.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Common broomrape; clover broomrape; lesser broomrape; small broomrape
  • Orobanche mlokosiewiczii Piwow., Ó.Sánchez & Moreno Mor.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche mongolica BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Zhonghua broomrape
  • Orobanche montserratii A.Pujadas & D.GómezLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche multiflora Nutt.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche mupinensis HuLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Baoxing broomrape
  • Orobanche muteliformis M.J.Y.FoleyLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche mutelii F.W.SchultzLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche nana Noë ex Rchb.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche nowackiana Markgr.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche olbiensis (Coss.) NymanLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche ombrochares HanceLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Maoyao broomrape
  • Orobanche orientalis BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche owerinii (Beck) BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche oxyloba (Reut.) BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche palaestina Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche pancicii BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche parishii (Jeps.) HeckardLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche penduliflora GilliLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche perangustata M.J.Y.FoleyLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche persica (Beck) Novopokr.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche picridis-hieracioidis HolandreLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Oxtongue broomrape
  • Orobanche pinorum Geyer ex Hook.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche portoilicitana A.Pujadas & M.B.CrespoLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche psila C.B.ClarkeLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche pubescens d'Urv.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Hairy broomrape
  • Orobanche pulchella (C.A.Mey.) Novopokr.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche purpurea Jacq.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Yarrow broomrape
  • Orobanche pycnostachya HanceLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Huanghua broomrape
  • Orobanche ramosa L.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Branched broomrape; hemp broomrape
  • Orobanche rapum-genistae Thuill.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Greater broomrape
  • Orobanche rechingeri GilliLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche resedarum (Carlón, et al.) A.Pujadas & TrianoLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche reticulata Wallr.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Thistle broomrape
  • Orobanche reuteriana (Rchb.f.) M.B.Crespo & A.PujadasLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche rigens Loisel.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche riparia L.T.CollinsLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche robbinsii Heckard ex Colwell & Yatsk.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche rosmarina Welw. ex BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche salviae F.W.Schultz ex W.D.J.KochLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche sanguinea C.PreslLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche santolinae Loscos & J.PardoLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche schelkovnikovii TzvelevLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche schultzii MutelLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche schweinfurthii BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche septemloba (Beck) TzvelevLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche serbica Beck & PetrovičLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche serratocalyx BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche sinensis Harry Sm.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Sichuan broomrape
  • Orobanche singarensis BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche sintenisii BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche solenanthi Novopokr. & Pissjauk.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche sordida C.A.Mey.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Danhuang broomrape
  • Orobanche spectabilis Reut.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche staehelinae D.Pav., Michaud, Véla & J.-M.TisonLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche stocksii Boiss.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche subbaetica Triano & A.PujadasLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche sulphurea Gontsch.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche tacnaensis Mattf.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche tarapacana Phil.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche tetuanensis BallLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche teucrii HolandreLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Germander broomrape
  • Orobanche transcaucasica TzvelevLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche trichocalyx (Webb & Berthel.) BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche tricholoba (Reut.) DominaLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche turcica G.Zare & DönmezLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche uniflora L.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Naked broomrape; one-flower cancer-root
  • Orobanche uralensis BeckLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Duochi broomrape
  • Orobanche valida Jeps.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche vallicola (Jeps.) HeckardLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche variegata Wallr.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche weberbaueri Mattf.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche yuennanensis (Beck) Hand.-Mazz.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. — Dianlie Broomrape
  • Orobanche zajaciorum Piwow.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  • Orobanche zosimii (M.J.Y.Foley) DominaLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Orobanche L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" (in en). http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328937-2. 
  2. ↑ Beck-Mannagetta, G. (1930) Orobanchaceae. In Engler, A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich 4: 1-348. (Engelmann:Leipzig).
  3. ↑ Yoder, J.I. (2001) Host-plant recognition by parasitic Scrophulariaceae. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4:359-365.
  4. ↑ Luard, E. European peasant cookery, Grub Street, 2004, p.380
  5. ↑ Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art (1868). Report & transactions. p. 256. https://books.google.com/books?id=rTAGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA256. 
  6. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  7. ↑ rapum. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

Wikidata ☰ Q157302 entry


Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.


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