Biology:Outline of the Chernobyl disaster

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Short description: 1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
Original black and white photo of the severely damaged Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant several months after the disaster.
The severely damaged Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant several months after the disaster, prior to the construction of the first sarcophagus containment structure.

The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to the Chernobyl disaster, a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986, when the no. 4 reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, located near Pripyat, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Ukraine), exploded during a test.[1][2] The explosion and reactor core fire spread radioactive contaminants across the Soviet Union and Europe. An exclusion zone was formed around the plant, evacuating over 100,000 people primarily from the cities of Pripyat and Chernobyl.[3] With dozens of direct casualties, it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at the maximum severity on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The response involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles (about $84.5 billion USD in 2025).[4] It remains the worst nuclear disaster and the most expensive disaster in history, with an estimated cost of US$700 billion.[5][6][7]


Overview

  • Belarusian name: Чарнобыльская катастрофа, Charnobylskaya katastrofa
  • Russian name: Авария на Чернобыльской АЭС, Avariya na Chernobylskoy AES
  • Ukrainian name: Чорнобильська катастрофа, Chornobylska katastrofa
  • Date: 26 April 1986
  • Location: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Pripyat, Chernobyl Raion, Kiev Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Chernobyl exclusion zone, Vyshhorod Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine)


Disaster

Russo-Ukrainian War

  • Capture of Chernobyl

Places and geography

Power plant

Exclusion zone

  • Chernobyl exclusion zone, also known as the Zone of Alienation
  • Pripyat, abandoned city
  • Chernobyl, semi-abandoned city
  • Kopachi, abandoned village
  • Poliske, abandoned town
  • Red Forest

Other

  • Slavutych, city established in 1986 after the disaster
  • Elephant's Foot (Chernobyl), an extremely radioactive lump of corium in the reactor

Media

Non-fiction

  • The Bell of Chernobyl, a documentary film
  • Chernobyl: Chronicle of Difficult Weeks (uk), a documentary film
  • Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment, a Russian scientific publication
  • Chernobyl Heart, a documentary film
  • Chornobyl.3828, a Ukrainian documentary film
  • Mi-cro-phone! (uk)
  • The Russian Woodpecker, a documentary film
  • TORCH report, a scientific report
  • The Truth About Chernobyl, a memoir book
  • Voices from Chernobyl: The Oral History of a Nuclear Disaster, a book
  • Voices from Chernobyl, a documentary film
  • White Horse, a documentary film
  • Chernobyl: The Lost Tapes, a 2022 documentary

Fiction

Organizations

  • Bellesrad
  • Chernobyl Children's Project International
  • Chernobyl Forum
  • Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme
  • Chernobyl Shelter Fund
  • Commission for Independent Research and Information on Radioactivity
  • Friends of Chernobyl's Children
  • List of Chernobyl-related charities
  • Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum
  • Chernobyl 2000

People

  • Individual involvement in the Chernobyl disaster
  • Aleksandr Akimov, block 4 shift leader
  • Yury Bandazhevsky, Belarusian scientist who was jailed 4 years possibly because of his investigations on Chernobyl's consequences
  • Viktor Bryukhanov, plant director
  • Anatoly Dyatlov, plant vice chief engineer, the test supervisor
  • Elena Filatova, Ukrainian photographer known for her website, containing a photo-essay of purported solo motorcycle rides through Chernobyl's zone of alienation
  • Nikolai Fomin, plant chief engineer
  • Vasily Ignatenko, firefighter
  • Valery Khodemchuk, shift circulating pump operator
  • Viktor Kibenok, firefighter shift leader
  • Valery Legasov, chief of the investigation committee of the Chernobyl disaster
  • Liquidator (Chernobyl), people who took part in the liquidation of the consequences of the disaster
  • Vassili Nesterenko, physicist from Belarus involved as a liquidator, and working on the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster
  • Vladimir Pikalov, headed the Chemical Troops of the USSR, on-scene military commander
  • Volodymyr Pravyk, firefighter
  • Adi Roche, chief executive of the charity Chernobyl Children International
  • Boris Shcherbina, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, supervised the crisis management
  • Wladimir Tchertkoff, Journalist who made documentary films featuring the liquidators
  • Leonid Telyatnikov, firefighter, head of the plant fire department
  • Leonid Toptunov, shift reactor control engineer

Other

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Accident of 1986". https://chnpp.gov.ua/en/about/history-of-the-chnpp/accident-of-1986. 
  2. ↑ McCall, Chris (April 2016). "Chernobyl disaster 30 years on: lessons not learned". The Lancet 387 (10029): 1707–1708. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30304-x. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 27116266. 
  3. ↑ Steadman, Philip; Hodgkinson, Simon (1990). Nuclear Disasters & The Built Environment: A Report to the Royal Institute. Butterworth Architecture. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-40850-061-6. 
  4. ↑ "Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impact, 2002 update; Chapter II – The release, dispersion and deposition of radionuclides". OECD-NEA. 2002. https://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/2003/nea3508-chernobyl.pdf. 
  5. ↑ "The Chornobyl Accident" (in en). https://www.unscear.org/unscear/en/areas-of-work/chernobyl.html. 
  6. ↑ Steinhauser, Georg; Brandl, Alexander; Johnson, Thomas E. (2014). "Comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents: A review of the environmental impacts" (in en). Science of the Total Environment 470-471: 800–817. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.029. PMID 24189103. Bibcode: 2014ScTEn.470..800S. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004896971301173X. 
  7. ↑ Samet, Jonathan M.; Seo, Joann (21 April 2016) (in en). The Financial Costs of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Disaster: A Review of the Literature (Report). USC Institute on Inequalities in Global Health. pp. 14–15. https://globalhealth.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2016_chernobyl_costs_report.pdf. Retrieved 8 May 2024. 
  8. ↑ Bailey, Kat (April 24, 2024). "Exclusive: Chornobyl Liquidators Is a Haunting Tribute Closer to the HBO Series Than STALKER, Releasing in June". IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/chornobyl-liquidators-gameplay-trailer-release-date. 

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