Biology:Outline of the February Revolution

From HandWiki
Short description: Overview of and topical guide to the 1917 February Revolution in Russia


February Revolution
Part of the Russian Revolution and the Revolutions of 1917–1923

Protests in Petrograd, March 1917
Date23 February – 3 March 1917 [N.S. 8–16 March]
Location
Petrograd, Russian Empire
Result
  • Revolutionary victory

The following outline is an overview and topical guide to the Wikipedia articles about the February Revolution in Russia.

The February Revolution (Russian: Февральская революция), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917.[lower-alpha 1] Its main events unfolded in and around Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), then the Russian capital, where long-standing discontent with the monarchy erupted into mass protests over food rationing.[1][2]

The revolution lasted a little over a week and was marked by mass demonstrations and violent clashes with the police. On 27 February O.S. (12 March N.S.), most of the capital's garrison went over to the revolutionaries, and Duma members formed the Provisional Committee of the State Duma to fill the vacuum left by the collapsing imperial government. The committee seized the railway telegraph and issued orders announcing that the Duma had taken control, followed by a second telegram barring trains from approaching Petrograd, which prevented troops loyal to the Tsar from arriving by rail. Three days later Nicholas II, stranded aboard his train at Pskov after failing to reach the capital, was forced to abdicate, ending Romanov dynastic rule. That same day the committee, acting together with the Petrograd Soviet, established the Russian Provisional Government under Georgy Lvov, which replaced the Council of Ministers.[3][4]

Overview articles

  • February Revolution – overview of the 1917 February Revolution in Russia
  • Russian Revolution - revolutionary period in 1917, the February revolution was the first of two revolutions, the second being the October Revolution
  • Dual power – period in which authority in Russia was split between the Russian Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet

Background

  • World War I - Major armed conflict in Europe between the Allied powers and the Central powers.[lower-alpha 2] Russia would suffer social upheaval during the war followed by a political and military collapse in 1917 which led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the revolution.
  • Eastern Front (World War I) – Russian theater during the World War I.
  • 1905 Russian Revolution – A minor revolutionary upheaval that preceeded the 1917 revolution.[lower-alpha 3]

Events

  • Putilov strike of 1917 — 18 February 1917 (O.S.) - a worker strike at the Putilov mill in Petrograd.
  • International Women's Day Protests - 23 February 1917 (O.S.) - Women's protest and bread riot in Petrograd in opposition to government food rationing.
  • 1917 Kronstadt Mutiny — 28 February 1917 (O.S.) - a revolt of sailors stationed at the Kronstadt Naval Base.
  • Abdication of Nicholas II — 2 March 1917 (O.S.) - Tsar Nicholas II renounces the throne of Russia while stranded in the city of Pskov during a railway strike.

People

Monarchists

  • Tsar Nicholas II - (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; born 6 May 1868 (O.S.) – executed 17 July 1918 (N.S.)) - Emperor of Russia from 1 November 1894 (O.S.) until his abdication in 1917. Executed by the Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg.
  • Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) – (Aleksandra Fyodorovna; born 6 June 1872 (N.S.) – executed 17 July 1918 (N.S.)) - born German Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine and later became the extremely unpopular wife of Tsar Nicholas II. Executed with her family by the Bolsheviks.

Socialists

  • Alexander Kerensky – (born 22 April 1881 (O.S.) – 11 June 1970 (N.S.)) socialist government minister who became a leader in the pre-Bolshevik revolutionary government. He later fled Russia to France, lived in California and taught at Stanford University, and eventually died in New York City.

Places

  • Petrograd - formerly Saint Petersburg, the capital of Russia.
  • Kronstad - a Russian port city and naval base in the Kronshtadtsky District of Saint Petersburg, located on Kotlin Island.

Organizations

  • Russian Provisional Government - a provisional government of the Russian Empire and later the Russian Republic which took control of the Russian government on 2 March 1917 (O.S.) after the abdication of the Tsar.
  • Petrograd Soviet - formerly a city council in Petrograd, later to become a council workers and soldiers in Petrograd and a key revolutionary body.
  • Imperial Russian Army – Tsarist army of the Russian Empire.

See also

Further reading

The below works all contain information on the February Revolution as well as extensive bibliographies for additional research.

  • Smith, S. A. (2017). Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928. New York: Oxford University Press.[5][6]
  • Engelstein, L. (2017). Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914–1921. New York: Oxford University Press.[7][8]
  • Figes, O. (1997). A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Viking Press.[9][10]
  • McMeekin, S. (2017). The Russian Revolution: A New History. New York: Basic Books.
  • Smele, J. (2016). The "Russian" Civil Wars, 1916-1926: Ten Years That Shook the World. New York: Oxford University Press.[lower-alpha 4][11][12][13]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ At the time of the February Revolution, Russia was still using the Old Style Julian calendar (O.S.). The revolution ran from 23 February to 3 March 1917 O.S., which in the Gregorian calendar (N.S.) was 8–16 March 1917; Nicholas II's abdication, dated 2 March O.S., fell on 15 March N.S. Dates in Russia remained 13 days behind the dates in the west, until February 1918 when the Bolshevik government changed to the western calendar.
  2. ↑ The principal Allied Powers were French Third Republic, the British Empire, the Russian Empire, Kingdom of Italy, the Empire of Japan, and the United States. The main Central Powers were the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
  3. ↑ See Outline and timeline of the Russian Revolution of 1905 for additional information.
  4. ↑ Contains an extensive 46 bibliography of English and non-English works on the "Russian" Civil Wars.

Citations

  1. ↑ Bradley, J. (2017). "The February Revolution". Russian Studies in History 56 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1080/10611983.2017.1326247. 
  2. ↑ Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi (2017). The February Revolution, Petrograd, 1917: The End of the Tsarist Regime and the Birth of Dual Power. Boston: Brill. 
  3. ↑ Katkov, George (1979). Russia, 1917: The February Revolution. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 
  4. ↑ Nikolaieff, A. (1946). "The February Revolution and the Russian Army". The Russian Review 6 (1): 17–25. doi:10.2307/125380. 
  5. ↑ Legvold, Robert (2017). "Review: Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928; Caught in the Revolution; Was Revolution Inevitable? Turning Points of the Russian Revolution". Foreign Affairs 96 (September/October 2017). https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2017-08-15/russia-revolution-empire-crisis-1890-1928-caught-revolution-was. Retrieved 2 February 2020. 
  6. ↑ Fedyashin, A. (2017). "Review: S. A. Smith, Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928". European History Quarterly 47 (4): 787–789. doi:10.1177/0265691417729639as. 
  7. ↑ Orlovsky, D. (2017). "Review Essay: The Russian Revolution at 100". Slavic Review 76 (3): 763–771. doi:10.1017/slr.2017.184. 
  8. ↑ Korobeinikov, A. (2019). "Review: Russia in Flames. War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914–1921". Europe-Asia Studies 71 (9). doi:10.1080/09668136.2019.1674531. 
  9. ↑ Suny, R. G. (1999). "Reviewed Work: A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. by Orlando Figes". The Journal of Modern History (The University of Chicago Press) 71 (1): 263–266. doi:10.1086/235245. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-history_1999-03_71_1/page/263. 
  10. ↑ Zelnik, R. E. (1999). "Reviewed Work: A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. by Orlando Figes". Slavic Review (Cambridge University Press) 57 (2): 453–455. doi:10.2307/2501883. 
  11. ↑ Lohr, E. (2017). "Book Review: The "Russian" Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years that Shook the World. By Jonathan D. Smele". Slavic Review 74 (4): 1123–1124. doi:10.1017/slr.2017.321. 
  12. ↑ Wade, Rex A. (2016). "Reviewed Work: The 'Russian' Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years That Shook the World by Smele, Jonathan D.". The Slavonic and East European Review 94 (4): 760–762. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.4.0760. 
  13. ↑ Kroner, Anthony (2017). "Book Review: The 'Russian' Civil Wars 1916–1926: Ten Years That Shook the World". Revolutionary Russia 30 (1): 142–145. doi:10.1080/09546545.2017.1305540. 


Template:Russian Revolution



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Outline_of_the_February_Revolution&oldid=4586408"