Biology:PTP4A3

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTP4A3 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a small class of prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs are cell signaling molecules that play regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. This class of PTPs contain a PTP domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif. Studies of this class of PTPs in mice demonstrated that they were prenylated proteins in vivo, which suggested their association with cell plasma membrane. Overexpression of this gene in mammalian cells was reported to inhibit angiotensin-II induced cell calcium mobilization and promote cell growth. Two alternatively spliced variants exist.

Further reading

• "Mouse PRL-2 and PRL-3, two potentially prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases homologous to PRL-1". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 244 (2): 421–7. 1998. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8291. PMID 9514946. 
• "Multiple phosphotyrosine phosphatase mRNAs are expressed in the human lung fibroblast cell line WI-38". Receptors & Signal Transduction 7 (4): 241–56. 1998. PMID 9633825. 
• Zeng Q; Si X; Horstmann H et al. (2000). "Prenylation-dependent association of protein-tyrosine phosphatases PRL-1, -2, and -3 with the plasma membrane and the early endosome". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (28): 21444–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000453200. PMID 10747914. 
• Matter WF; Estridge T; Zhang C et al. (2001). "Role of PRL-3, a human muscle-specific tyrosine phosphatase, in angiotensin-II signaling". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 283 (5): 1061–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4881. PMID 11355880. 
• Saha S; Bardelli A; Buckhaults P et al. (2001). "A phosphatase associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer". Science 294 (5545): 1343–6. doi:10.1126/science.1065817. PMID 11598267. Bibcode: 2001Sci...294.1343S. 
• "The tyrosine phosphatase PRL-1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitotic spindle and is required for normal mitosis". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (48): 46659–68. 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206407200. PMID 12235145. 
• Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• Pathak MK; Dhawan D; Lindner DJ et al. (2003). "Pentamidine is an inhibitor of PRL phosphatases with anticancer activity". Mol. Cancer Ther. 1 (14): 1255–64. PMID 12516958. 
• Zeng Q; Dong JM; Guo K et al. (2003). "PRL-3 and PRL-1 promote cell migration, invasion, and metastasis". Cancer Res. 63 (11): 2716–22. PMID 12782572. 
• Bardelli A; Saha S; Sager JA et al. (2004). "PRL-3 expression in metastatic cancers". Clin. Cancer Res. 9 (15): 5607–15. PMID 14654542. 
• Kozlov G; Cheng J; Ziomek E et al. (2004). "Structural insights into molecular function of the metastasis-associated phosphatase PRL-3". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (12): 11882–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312905200. PMID 14704153. 
• Kim KA; Song JS; Jee J et al. (2004). "Structure of human PRL-3, the phosphatase associated with cancer metastasis". FEBS Lett. 565 (1–3): 181–7. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.03.062. PMID 15135076. 
• Wu X; Zeng H; Zhang X et al. (2004). "Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 Promotes Motility and Metastasis of Mouse Melanoma Cells". Am. J. Pathol. 164 (6): 2039–54. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63763-7. PMID 15161639. 
• Gerhard DS; Wagner L; Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
• Kato H; Semba S; Miskad UA et al. (2005). "High expression of PRL-3 promotes cancer cell motility and liver metastasis in human colorectal cancer: a predictive molecular marker of metachronous liver and lung metastases". Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (21): 7318–28. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0485. PMID 15534108. 
• Li J; Guo K; Koh VW et al. (2005). "Generation of PRL-3- and PRL-1-specific monoclonal antibodies as potential diagnostic markers for cancer metastases". Clin. Cancer Res. 11 (6): 2195–204. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1984. PMID 15788667. 
• Polato F; Codegoni A; Fruscio R et al. (2006). "PRL-3 phosphatase is implicated in ovarian cancer growth". Clin. Cancer Res. 11 (19 Pt 1): 6835–9. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2357. PMID 16203771. 
• Peng L; Jin G; Wang L et al. (2006). "Identification of integrin alpha1 as an interacting protein of protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL-3". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 342 (1): 179–83. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.102. PMID 16472776. 
• Rouleau C; Roy A; St Martin T et al. (2006). "Protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL-3 in malignant cells and endothelial cells: expression and function". Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 (2): 219–29. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0289. PMID 16505094. 
• Radke I; Götte M; Kersting C et al. (2006). "Expression and prognostic impact of the protein tyrosine phosphatases PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3 in breast cancer". Br. J. Cancer 95 (3): 347–54. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603261. PMID 16832410.