Biology:PTPN2

Generic protein structure example

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN2 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. Members of the PTP family share a highly conserved catalytic motif, which is essential for the catalytic activity. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation.

Epidermal growth factor receptor and the adaptor protein Shc were reported to be substrates of this PTP, which suggested the roles in growth factor mediated cell signaling. Three alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode isoforms differing at their extreme C-termini, have been described.

The different C-termini are thought to determine the substrate specificity, as well as the cellular localization of the isoforms. Two highly related but distinctly processed pseudogenes that localize to distinct chromosomes have been reported.

Further reading

• "Cloning and characterization of a mouse cDNA encoding a cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine-phosphatase.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (2): 499–503. 1992. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.2.499. PMID 1731319. Bibcode: 1992PNAS...89..499M. 
• "Molecular cloning and expression of a protein-tyrosine phosphatase showing homology with transcription factors Fos and Jun.". FEBS Lett. 280 (1): 65–9. 1991. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80205-H. PMID 1849097. 
• "cDNA isolated from a human T-cell library encodes a member of the protein-tyrosine-phosphatase family.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (14): 5257–61. 1989. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.14.5257. PMID 2546150. Bibcode: 1989PNAS...86.5257C. 
• "COOH-terminal sequence motifs target the T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase to the ER and nucleus.". J. Cell Biol. 131 (3): 631–43. 1995. doi:10.1083/jcb.131.3.631. PMID 7593185. 
• "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. 1994. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
• "Isolation and mapping of human T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase sequences: localization of genes and pseudogenes discriminated using fluorescence hybridization with genomic versus cDNA probes.". Genomics 16 (3): 619–29. 1993. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1239. PMID 8325634. 
• "Association of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase with nuclear import factor p97.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (34): 21548–57. 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.34.21548. PMID 9261175. 
• "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. 
• "Epidermal growth factor receptor and the adaptor protein p52Shc are specific substrates of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (3): 1622–34. 1998. doi:10.1128/MCB.18.3.1622. PMID 9488479. 
• "The protein-tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP regulates epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent signaling.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (39): 27768–75. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.39.27768. PMID 10488121. 
• "A nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase TC-PTP is a potential negative regulator of the PRL-mediated signaling pathway: dephosphorylation and deactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a and 5b by TC-PTP in nucleus.". Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (1): 58–69. 2002. doi:10.1210/mend.16.1.0761. PMID 11773439. 
• "Structure determination of T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (22): 19982–90. 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200567200. PMID 11907034. 
• "The T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase is a negative regulator of janus family kinases 1 and 3.". Curr. Biol. 12 (6): 446–53. 2002. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00697-8. PMID 11909529. 
• "Identification of a nuclear Stat1 protein tyrosine phosphatase.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (16): 5662–8. 2002. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.16.5662-5668.2002. PMID 12138178. 
• "Arginine methylation of STAT1 regulates its dephosphorylation by T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (39): 35787–90. 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200346200. PMID 12171910. 
• "The nuclear isoform of protein-tyrosine phosphatase TC-PTP regulates interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway through STAT3 dephosphorylation.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 297 (4): 811–7. 2002. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02291-X. PMID 12359225. 
• "A nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase activates p53 and induces caspase-1-dependent apoptosis.". FEBS Lett. 532 (1–2): 61–6. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03628-1. PMID 12459463. 
• "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• "Regulation of insulin receptor signaling by the protein tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (6): 2096–108. 2003. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.2096-2108.2003. PMID 12612081.