Biology:Panax

From HandWiki

The Panax (ginseng) genus belongs to the Araliaceae[1] (ivy) family. Panax species are characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin. Panax is one of approximately 60 plant genera with a classical disjunct east Asian and east North American distribution.[2] Furthermore, this disjunct distribution is asymmetric as only two of the ~18 species in genus are native to North America.

Etymology

American ginseng at Monk Garden in Wisconsin .

Panax species

Genus Panax[3]

Subgenus Panax
Section Panax
Series Notoginseng
Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (known as san qi, tian qi or tien chi)
Series Panax
Panax arunachalensis Taram, A.P.Das & Tag[4][5]
Panax assamicus (Assam Ginseng) [6]
Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. [7]
var. angustifolius (Burkill) J.Wen
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng, Asiatic ginseng, Oriental ginseng)[8]
Panax japonicus (T.Nees) C.A.Mey. (Japanese ginseng)[9][10][11]
Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng)
Panax sokpayensis Shiva K.Sharma & Pandit [12]
Panax siamensis J. Wen, 2023
Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.
Panax wangianus S.C.Sun [13]
Panax zingiberensis C.Y.Wu & Feng
Section Pseudoginseng
Panax pseudoginseng Wall.
Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai & K.M.Feng [14][15]
Subgenus Trifolius
Panax trifolius L.

Hybrids:

  • Panax ginseng × Panax quinquifolius (F1 male sterile, roots bigger than parents)[16]
  • Panax japonicus f. typicum × Panax quinquifolius[17]

Phylogeny

Based on chloroplast genomes (Manzanilla et al. 2018 and Xia et al. 2025):[18][19]

 

Aralia

 
 
 

P. trifolius

 
 
 
 

P. bipinnatifidus

 
 

P. stipuleanatus

 
 
 
 
 

P. quinquefolius

 
 

P. ginseng

 
 
 
 

P. notoginseng

 
 
 
 

P. pseudoginseng

 
 
 

P. japonicus

 
 

P. major

 
 
 
 
 

P. wangianus

 
 
 

P. zingiberensis

 
 

P. vietnamensis

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Script error: No such module "Clade/labels".
 

Note: Plants of the World Online treats P. major (Burkill) C. Y. Wu & K. M. Feng as a junior synonym of P. bipinnatifidus. Flora of China treats it as P. japonicus var. major (Burkill) C. Y. Wu & K. M. Feng.[20]

References

  1. ↑ "Ivy Family - Araliaceae - Common names". Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/pages/5432/names/common_names. Retrieved 2018-07-14. 
  2. ↑ Zuo, Yun-Juan; Wen, Jun; Ma, Jin-Shuang; Zhou, Shi-Liang (2015). "Evolutionary radiation of the Panax bipinnatifidus species complex (Araliaceae) in the Sino-Himalayan region of eastern Asia as inferred from AFLP analysis" (in en). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 53 (3): 210–220. doi:10.1111/jse.12119. ISSN 1759-6831. Bibcode: 2015JSyEv..53..210Z. 
  3. ↑ "Panax L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" (in en). https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:3070-1. 
  4. ↑ "Panax arunachalensis Taram, A.P.Das & Tag". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77206369-1. 
  5. ↑ Taram, Momang; Das, A.P.; Tag, Hui (2018). "A new species of Panax L. (Araliaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India". Pleione 12 (2): 315–321. doi:10.26679/Pleione.12.2.2018.315-321. 
  6. ↑ "Panax Assamicus". https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:91404-1. 
  7. ↑ "Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. — The Plant List". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-146641. 
  8. ↑ "Asian Ginseng". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). September 2016. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/asianginseng/ataglance.htm. 
  9. ↑ Rai, Amit; Yamazaki, Mami; Takahashi, Hiroki; Nakamura, Michimi; Kojoma, Mareshige; Suzuki, Hideyuki; Saito, Kazuki (2016). "RNA-seq Transcriptome Analysis of Panax japonicus, and Its Comparison with Other Panax Species to Identify Potential Genes Involved in the Saponins Biosynthesis". Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 481. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00481. ISSN 1664-462X. PMID 27148308. Bibcode: 2016FrPS....7..481R. 
  10. ↑ "Japanese ginseng". TheFreeDictionary.com. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Japanese+ginseng. 
  11. ↑ Plantae Medicinales oder Sammlung offizineller Pflanzen.. 
  12. ↑ Sharma, Shiva Kumar; Pandit, Maharaj Krishan (2009). "A New Species of Panax L. (Araliaceae) from Sikkim Himalaya, India". Systematic Botany 34 (2): 434–438. doi:10.1600/036364409788606235. Bibcode: 2009SysBo..34..434S. 
  13. ↑ "Panax wangianus S.C.Sun — The Plant List". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-146827. 
  14. ↑ "Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai & K.M.Feng — The Plant List". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-146811. 
  15. ↑ Trieu, Le Ngoc; Mien, Nguyen Tuong; Van Tien, Tran; Van Ket, Nguyen; Van Duy, Nong (16 March 2016). "Genetic diversity of Tsai in North Vietnam detected by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers". Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 30 (3): 506–511. doi:10.1080/13102818.2016.1157448. 
  16. ↑ Kim, Jong Youn; Adhikari, Prakash Babu; Ahn, Chang Ho; Kim, Dong Hwi; Chang Kim, Young; Han, Jung Yeon; Kondeti, Subramanyam; Choi, Yong Eui (2019). "High frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of interspecific ginseng hybrid between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius". Journal of Ginseng Research 43 (1): 38–48. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.002. PMID 30662292. 
  17. ↑ Kuriyama, H. (1950). "The cytological studies on the interspecific hybrid of Panax". Japanese Journal of Crop Science 19 (1–2): 209–213. doi:10.1626/jcs.19.209. 
  18. ↑ Manzanilla, V.; Kool, A.; Nguyen Nhat, L.; Nong Van, H.; Le Thi Thu, H.; de Boer, H. J. (December 2018). "Phylogenomics and barcoding of Panax: toward the identification of ginseng species". BMC Evolutionary Biology 18 (1): 44. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1160-y. PMID 29614961. Bibcode: 2018BMCEE..18...44M. 
  19. ↑ Xia, Pengguo; Huang, Yang; Zhu, Junqiao (January 2025). "The complete chloroplast genome sequences of 11 Panax species: Providing insights for evolution and species identification". Industrial Crops and Products 223. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120160. 
  20. ↑ "Panax japonicus var. major in Flora of China @ efloras.org". http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015250. 

Wikidata ☰ Q7213683 entry Template:Ginseng




Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Panax&oldid=4075330"