Biology:Parabembras
| Parabembras | |
|---|---|
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| Lateral view of the three species of Parabembras; A P. curta, FAKU 41447, 143.5 mm SL B P. robinsoni, NSMT-P 129791, 165.1 mm SL C P. multisquamata, holotype, MNHN-IC-2008-1516, 167.3 mm SL. White line indicates anus. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Family: | Bembridae |
| Genus: | Parabembras Bleeker, 1874 |
| Type species | |
| Bembras curtus Temminck & Schlegel, 1843[1]
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Parabembras is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Bembridae, the deepwater flatheads, although they are sufficiently different from the other genera in that family to be classified as their own family, Parabembradidae, by some authorities. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
Parabembras was first described as a genus in 1874 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker as a monotypic genus with its only species being Bembras curtus.[1] which had been described in 1843 by Temminck and Schlegel from Nagasaki.[2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World places Parabembras in the family Bembridae with the other deepwater flatheads[3] but other authorities classify it within its own monotypic family, the Parabembradidae.[4] Parabembradidae was first proposed as a family in 1925, with the name then being Parabembridae, by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Carl Leavitt Hubbs.[5]
Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:[6] with a new species described in 2018.[4]
- Parabembras curta (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) - northwestern Pacific
- Parabembras multisquamata Kai, Fricke, 2018 - southwestern Pacific and the Philippines
- Parabembras robinsoni Regan, 1921 (African deep-water flathead) - southwestern Indian Ocean
Etymology
Parabembras combines para, meaning "near", with Bembras, the type genus of the Bembridae and the original genus of P. curta.[7]
Characteristics
Parabembras differs from the other Bembrid genera by having 3 spines in the anal fin whereas the others have none. The lower jaw protrudes past the lower and the maxilla is narrow to its rear.[8] These flatheads vary in size from P. curta, which has a maximum published standard length of 15.1 cm (5.9 in), to P. robinsoni, which has a maximum published total length of 24 cm (9.4 in).[6]
Distribution and habitat
Parabembras deepwater flatheads are found in the southwestern Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific Ocean.[4] They are demersal to bathydemersal fishes living down to depths of 600 m (2,000 ft).[9][10]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Genera in the family Bembridae". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=genus&family=Bembridae.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Species in the genus Parabembras". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Parabembras.
- ↑ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Yoshiaki Kai; Ronald Fricke (2018). "Taxonomic review of the deep water flathead genus Parabembras with description of the new species Parabembras multisquamata from the western Pacific Ocean". ZooKeys (740): 59–76. doi:10.3897/zookeys.740.21729. PMID 29674889.
- ↑ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer; Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268078514.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Parabembras in FishBase. February 2022 version.
- ↑ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara, eds (7 December 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Platycephaloidei: Families Bembridae, Parabembridae, Hoplichthyidae, Platycephalidae and Plectrogeniidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. https://etyfish.org/perciformes11/.
- ↑ S,G, Poss (1999). "Bembridae Deepwater flatheads". FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 2383–2384. ISBN 9251043019.
- ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). "Parabembras curta" in FishBase. February 2022 version.
- ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). "Parabembras robinsoni" in FishBase. February 2022 version.
Wikidata ☰ Q13999358 entry
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