Biology:Parsonsia
| Parsonsia | |
|---|---|
| Parsonsia heterophylla | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Subfamily: | Apocynoideae |
| Tribe: | Echiteae |
| Genus: | Parsonsia R.Br. |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Occurrence data for Parsonsia (GBIF) | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Parsonsia is a genus of woody vines in the family Apocynaceae. Species occur throughout Indomalaya, Australasia and Melanesia.[1]
Description
The leaves are opposite, the shape and size of juvenile leaves often bearing little resemblance to the adult leaves.[2] The latex may be clear and colourless, pale yellow or milky white.[2] The flowers are green, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink or brown, sometimes with contrasting markings. These are followed by elongated pod-like capsules, the two follicles eventually separating to reveal numerous seeds with long, silky hairs.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus was named and described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in his paper On the Asclepiadeae published in Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society .[3] He named the genus in honour of James Parsons (1705–1770), an English physician and Fellow of the Royal Society.[4]
The generic name Parsonsia R.Br. (1810) is conserved against the earlier homonym Parsonsia P.Browne which was given to a genus in the family Lythraceae. The latter genus is now included in Cuphea.[5]
Parsonsia is closely related to Artia and Prestonia.[6][7]
Species


Accepted species[1]
- Parsonsia affinis Baill. – New Caledonia
- Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb. – China , Taiwan, Japan , India , Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Australia .[3][8][9]
- Parsonsia apiculata D.J.Middleton
- Parsonsia aneityensis Guillaumin – Vanuatu
- Parsonsia apiculata (Bakh.f.) D.J.Middleton – Java, Bali
- Parsonsia appressa D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea[9]
- Parsonsia bartlensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia blakeana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia brachiata Baillon ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia brisbanensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon – SE Australia[3]
- Parsonsia buruensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl. – Maluku, Papua New Guinea[9]
- Parsonsia capsularis (Forster f.) R. Br. – New Zealand[11]
- Parsonsia catalpicarpa – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia celebica (Oliv.) Sleesen – W Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi
- Parsonsia constricta D.J.Middleton – W New Guinea
- Parsonsia crebriflora Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia curvisepala K. Schum. – Perak, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines[9][12]
- Parsonsia densiflora D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
- Parsonsia densivestita C.T.White – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia diaphanophleba F.Muell. – Western Australia [3]
- Parsonsia dorrigoensis J.B.Williams – New South Wales[3]
- Parsonsia edulis (G. Benn.) Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia effusa S. Moore – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia eucalyptophylla F.Muell. – E Australia[3]
- Parsonsia ferruginea J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
- Parsonsia flavescens Merr. & L.M. Perry – New Guinea [9][13]
- Parsonsia flexilis Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia flexuosa Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia franchetii Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands[10]
- Parsonsia fulva S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia goniostemon Hand.-Mazz. – Guangxi[8]
- Parsonsia grandiflora D.J.Middleton[3] – Bacan I in Maluku[14]
- Parsonsia grayana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia hebetica Markgr. – Papua New Guinea [9]
- Parsonsia × heterocapsa Allan – New Zealand
- Parsonsia heterophylla A. Cunn. – New Zealand[11]
- Parsonsia howeana J.B.Williams – Lord Howe Island[3]
- Parsonsia inae Guillaumin – Vanuatu
- Parsonsia induplicata F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia kimberleyensis J.B.Williams – Western Australia[3]
- Parsonsia kroombitensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia laevis – Fiji, Vanuatu[13][15]
- Parsonsia lanceolata R.Br. – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia langiana F.Muell. – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia larcomensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia largiflorens (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia lata Markgr.- Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Is [16][9]
- Parsonsia latifolia (Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia laxiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia leichhardtii F.Muell. – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia lenticellata C.T.White – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia lilacina F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
- Parsonsia longiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia longiloba D.J.Middleton – New Ireland
- Parsonsia longipetiolata J.B.Williams – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia macrophylla Pichon ex Guillaumin. – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia marginata Markgr. – New Guinea
- Parsonsia novoguinensis D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
- Parsonsia oligantha (K.Schum.) D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
- Parsonsia pachycarpa Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia paulforsteri J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia pedunculata Markgr. – Bismarck Archipelago[9]
- Parsonsia penangiana King & Gamble – Penang, Thailand
- Parsonsia philippinensis Merr. – Philippines, Java, Borneo, W Malaysia, Thailand
- Parsonsia plaesiophylla S.T.Blake – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia populifolia Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia praeruptis Heads & P.J.de Lange – North I of New Zealand
- Parsonsia purpurascens J.B.Williams – New South Wales[3]
- Parsonsia rotata Maiden & Betche – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia rubra Kaneh. & Hatus. J. – Maluku, New Guinea [9][13]
- Parsonsia sanguinea Markgr. – New Guinea[3][9][13]
- Parsonsia sankowskyana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia scabra (Labill.) Markgr. – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia schoddei D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
- Parsonsia smithii Markgr. – Vanua Levu in Fiji
- Parsonsia straminea (R.Br.) F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia sundensis D.J.Middleton[3] – East Timor[17]
- Parsonsia tenuiflora D.J.Middleton[3] – W New Guinea
- Parsonsia tenuis S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia terminaliifolia Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia vaccinoides Markgr. – W New Guinea [9]
- Parsonsia velutina R.Br. – Timor, Maluku, Australia, New Guinea[3][9]
- Parsonsia ventricosa F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
- Parsonsia warenensis Kanehira & Hatusima – Papua New Guinea [9]
- Parsonsia wildensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
- Parsonsia wongabelensis J.B.Williams- Queensland[3]
- formerly included[1]
- Parsonsia balansae Baill. = Artia balansae (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
- Parsonsia barbata Blume = Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke
- Parsonsia brachycarpa Baill. = Artia brachycarpa (Baill.) Boiteau
- Parsonsia bracteata Hook. & Arn. = Mandevilla pentlandiana (DC.) Woodson
- Parsonsia corymbosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
- Parsonsia diversifolia (Warb.) Markgr. = Lyonsia diversifolia Warb.
- Parsonsia floribunda (Sw.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
- Parsonsia francii Guillaumin = Artia francii (Guillaumin) Pichon
- Parsonsia galeottiana Baill. = Thenardia galeottiana Baill.
- Parsonsia javanica Blume 1826 not (Blume) K. Schum 1895 = Urceola javanica (Blume) Boerl.
- Parsonsia leptocarpa Hook. & Arn. = Forsteronia leptocarpa (Hook. & Arn.) A.DC.
- Parsonsia lifuana Baill. = Artia lifuana (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
- Parsonsia myrtifolia (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. = Landolphia myrtifolia (Poir.) Markgr.
- Parsonsia ovata Wall. ex G.Don = Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze
- Parsonsia spicata (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) G.Mey.
Cultivation
A species from New Zealand, Parsonsia variablis (Variable-leaved Parsonsia), was introduced into cultivation in England in 1847 as a greenhouse plant and was noted to have a sweet scent, however the flowers were regarded as "not very showy".[18] This species is thought to be a form of Parsonsia heterophylla.[11]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=147815.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Genus Parsonsia". PlantNET – New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Parsonsia.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 3.38 3.39 "Parsonsia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=PARSONSIA.
- ↑ Bennett, John J. (1850). The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown: Vol.II. https://books.google.com/books?id=nfEWAAAAYAAJ&dq=parsonsia&pg=RA1-PA119. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
- ↑ "Genus: Parsonsia P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?15790.
- ↑ Livshultz, T., D. J. Middleton, M. E. Endress, and J. K. Williams.(2007) Phylogeny of Apocynoideae and the APSA Clade (Apocynaceae S.l.). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94, no. 2: 324–59.
- ↑ Morales, J.F.; Endress, M.E.; Liede-Schumann, S. (2017) Sex, drugs and pupusas: Disentangling relationships in Echiteae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 623–644. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.7
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Parsonsia". Flora of China. efloras.org. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=124102.
- ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 Conn, Barry J.. "Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea". Plants of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea National Herbarium and the National Herbarium of New South Wales #. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/PNGcensus.pl?fam=&gen=parsonsia&sp=&infr=&group=.
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 "Genre Parsonsia R.Br.". Endémía – Faune & Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie. http://www.endemia.nc/plante/fiche.php?code=1351.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Flora of New Zealand: PARSONSIA R. Br., 1809". http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_c30fd609-5032-43c4-9205-1bb856057882&fileName=Flora%201.xmll.
- ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/specimens?id=102746.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Indonesian Biodiversity Information System (IBIS) online". Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. http://ibis.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php?h=1.
- ↑ "Parsonsia grandiflora D.J. Middleton". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50062293.
- ↑ "Parsonsia laevis". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/specimens?id=131733.
- ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Parsonsia lata | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?26800 | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2009-05-19 }}
- ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/specimens?id=183594.
- ↑ Moore, Thomas; William P. Ayres (1850). Gardeners' Magazine of Botany, Horticulture, Floriculture, and Natural Science (William S. Orr and Co.) 1: 120.
Wikidata ☰ Q5219581 entry
