Biology:Peccania

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Peccania is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Phylliscaceae. These lichens are small and form thin, crusty patches or tiny scale-like structures that are tightly attached to rock surfaces. They partner with blue-green bacteria instead of the green algae found in most other lichens, which helps them survive in harsh, drought-prone environments and quickly resume photosynthesis after wetting. Peccania species grow exclusively on rocks, favouring well-lit locations on both limestone and acidic substrates in arid and semi-arid regions, though they can also occupy locally dry spots in otherwise humid landscapes. The genus includes about 22 species distributed worldwide, with their small fruiting bodies appearing as tiny [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-like structures that are often slightly sunken into the thallus surface.

Taxonomy

Peccania was validly published by the Bavarian lichenologist Arnold in 1858, who credited Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo with the name "in lit." dated 4 December 1856; Arnold's protologue listed P. coralloides and cited limestone localities around Streitberg in the Franconian Jura.[1] The genus name Peccania is treated as a conserved name (nomen conservandum) under the International Code of Nomenclature (Art. 14), stabilising its use over Massalongo's earlier generic name Corinophoros.[2] Later alternative or segregate names referring to the same group—Pleoconis (1909), Peccaniopsis (1949) and Peccaniomyces (1953)—are regarded as synonyms.[3]

A class-wide multilocus study published in 2024 reassessed relationships across the Lichinomycetes and proposed a revised, family-level framework; within that scheme Peccania is treated in Phylliscaceae alongside other small, rock-dwelling cyanolichens such as Peltula and Phylliscum. The authors emphasised that earlier, morphology-only arrangements often conflict with DNA-based relationships, and that adoption of the revised classification is ongoing in regional floras and databases, so species assignments within Peccania may be updated as additional material is sequenced and re-examined. Ancestral-state analyses for the class suggest simple, crust-forming lichens with early-developing fruiting bodies and eight-spored asci, providing context for the small, saxicolous genera placed in Phylliscaceae.[4]

Description

The genus belongs to a group of cyanolichens that are very small in stature. The lichen body (thallus) is typically a tightly attached crust (crustose) or a patchwork of tiny, leaf-like scales (squamulose). The fruiting bodies are usually [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-like apothecia that can be slightly sunk into the thallus (immersed). Inside each apothecium, microscopic sac-like cells (asci) produce colourless spores (ascospores). The photosynthetic partner ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) is a unicellular cyanobacterium, a trait linked with tolerance of strong light and periodic drying, since these lichens can quickly resume photosynthesis after wetting.[4]

Habitat and distribution

Consistent with patterns in Phylliscaceae, species of Peccania are chiefly saxicolous (rock-dwelling) and favour well-lit, drought-prone microhabitats on both acidic and calcareous substrates. They can be components of biological crusts on exposed rock and soil in arid and semi-arid regions, and they may also occupy locally dry niches in otherwise humid landscapes.[4]

Species

  • Peccania arabica (Müll.Arg.) Henssen (1990)[5]
  • Peccania arizonica Tuck. ex Herre (1911)[6]
  • Peccania cerebriformis Henssen & Büdel (1984)[7]
  • Peccania cernohorskyi (Servít) Schiman-Czeika, Czeika & Guttová (2004)[8]
  • Peccania corallina Hazsl. (1884)
  • Peccania coralloides (A.Massal.) Arnold (1858)[1]
  • Peccania crispa M.Steiner (1988)
  • Peccania fontqueriana P.P.Moreno & Egea (1992)[9]
  • Peccania hoeegii D.D.Awasthi (1957)
  • Peccania kansana (Tuck.) Forssell (1885)
  • Peccania mattogrossensis Malme (1937)[10]
  • Peccania minuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1924)[11]
  • Peccania minutula Tretiach & M.Schultz (2007)
  • Peccania omphalariformis Couderc (1910)[12]
  • Peccania pellizzonii A.Massal. (1860)
  • Peccania polyspora H.Magn. (1940)
  • Peccania subnigra (B.de Lesd.) Wetmore (1985)[13]
  • Peccania synaliza (Ach.) Forssell (1885)
  • Peccania teretiuscula (Flagey) Henssen (1990)[5]
  • Peccania terricola H.Magn. (1940)
  • Peccania texana (Tuck.) Wetmore (1985)[13]
  • Peccania tiruncula (Nyl.) Henssen (1990)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Arnold, F. (1858). "Die Lichenen des fränkischen Jura" (in de). Flora 41: 81–110 [93]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51136. 
  2. ↑ "Record Details: Peccania A. Massal. ex Arnold, Flora, Regensburg 41(6): 93 (1858)". Index Fungorum. https://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=3779. 
  3. ↑ "Current Name: Peccania A. Massal. ex Arnold, Flora, Regensburg 41(6): 93 (1858)". Species Fungorum. https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=3779. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Prieto, M.; Wedin, M.; Schultz, M. (2024). "Phylogeny, evolution and a re-classification of the Lichinomycetes". Studies in Mycology 109: 595–655. doi:10.3114/sim.2024.109.09. PMID 39717657. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Henssen, Aino; Jørgensen, Per Magnus (1990). "New combinations and synonyms in the Lichinaceae". The Lichenologist 22 (2): 137–147. doi:10.1017/S0024282990000093. Bibcode: 1990ThLic..22..137H. 
  6. ↑ Herre, A.W.C.T. (1911). "The desert lichens of Reno, Nevada". Botanical Gazette Crawfordsville 51 (4): 286–297. doi:10.1086/330489. 
  7. ↑ Henssen, A.; Büdel, B. (1984). "Peccania cerebriformis, und Psorotichia columnaris, zwei neue Lichinaceen von Lanzarote" (in de). International Journal of Mycology and Lichenology 1 (3): 261–271. 
  8. ↑ Czeika, H.; Czeika, G.; Guttová, A.; Farkas, E.; Lökös, L.; Halda, J. (2004). "Phytogeographic and taxonomic remarks on eleven species of cyanophilic lichens from Central Europe". Preslia (Praha) 76: 183–192 [187]. https://www.preslia.cz/article/pdf?id=366. 
  9. ↑ Moreno, P.P.; Egea, J.M. (1992). "Estudios el complejo Anema-Thyrea-Peccania en el sureste de la peninsula Iberica y norte de Africa" (in es). Acta Botanica Barcinonensia 41: 1–66 [37]. 
  10. ↑ Malme, G.O.A. (1937). "Lichenes nonnulli in Expeditione Regnelliana prima collecti" (in la). Arkiv för Botanik 29A (6): 1–35. 
  11. ↑ Zahlbruckner, A. (1923) (in la). Catalogus Lichenum Universalis. 2. p. 814. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/02848/0814.htm. 
  12. ↑ Crozals, M.A. (1910). "Lichens observes dans l'Herault" (in fr). Bulletin de l'Académie Internationale de Géographie Botanique 20: 229–276. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Wetmore, C.M. (1985). "Lichens of Theodore Roosevelt National Park". Mycotaxon 23: 241–249 [246]. doi:10.5962/p.417001. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0023/0246.htm. 

Wikidata ☰ Q7158641 entry



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