Biology:Penstemon laevis
| Penstemon laevis | |
|---|---|
| |
| In the Canaan Mountain Wilderness | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Penstemon |
| Species: | P. laevis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Penstemon laevis Pennell
| |
Penstemon laevis, the smooth penstemon, is a species in the veronica family native to Arizona and Utah in the western United States.
Description
Smooth penstemons are herbaceous plants with flowering stems that reach 28 to 90 centimeters (11–35 in) tall,[1] though occasionally it can be just 15 cm (6 in).[2] It is a short-lived perennial species with an unbranched caudex atop a taproot. The leaves and the stems are all hairless with the stems growing straight upwards or leaning out and then growing upwards.[3]
Plants have both basal leaves and leaves attached to the stems that are leathery in texture and somewhat glaucous with smooth, untoothed edges that can sometimes be undulate, the edges waving back and forth. The basal leaves and the lower ones on the stems are usually 3.5–12 centimeters (1.5–4.5 in) long, but can reach 15 cm (6 in) on occasion, but their width is just 0.8–3 cm. They are obovate, oblanceolate, to elliptic in shape with a tapering base and bluntly pointed tip. The stems have three to six pairs of leaves 2–12 centimeters (1–4.5 in) long and 0.6–2.9 cm wide.[1]
The flowers are light purple to blue with prominent red-violet floral guide lines extending into the throat of the blooms.[4] They all point in the same direction away from the stems are usually arranged in five to eight groups, though occasionally an inflorescence will have as many as 17 groups.[1]
Taxonomy
Penstemon laevis was scientifically described by Francis W. Pennell in 1920. It is part of the genus Penstemon which is classifed in the Plantaginaceae family. The species has no subspecies or botanical synonyms.[5]
Names
The meaning of the species name, laevis, is "smooth" in Botanical Latin.[4] Penstemon laevis is known by the common name smooth penstemon.[2]
Range and habitat
The smooth penstemon is native to just five or six counties in the Western United States in northern Arizona and southern Utah.[1][6] In Arizona it grows in Mohave and Coconino counties. Meanwhile the species is found in Washington, Kane, and Garfield counties in Utah according to the Flora of North America.[1] According to the Natural Resources Conservation Service it might also grow in Beaver County, Utah.[6]
See also
References
Citations
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Freeman 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Welsh et al. 1987, p. 591.
- ↑ Cronquist et al. 1984, p. 439.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lindgren & Wilde 2003, p. 55.
- ↑ POWO 2026.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 NRCS 2026.
Sources
Books
- Cronquist, Arthur; Holmgren, Arthur H.; Holmgren, Noel H.; Reveal, James L.; Holmgren, Patricia K. (1984) (in en-us). Intermountain Flora : Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A.. Four. Subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae). New York: Published for the New York Botanical Garden by Hafner Pub. Co.. ISBN 978-0-89327-248-7. OCLC 320442. https://archive.org/details/intermountainflo0000unse. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
- Lindgren, Dale Tennis; Wilde, Ellen; American Penstemon Society (2003) (in en-us). Growing Penstemons : Species, Cultivars, and Hybrids (First ed.). Haverford, Pennsylvania: Infinity Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7414-1529-5. OCLC 54110971. https://archive.org/details/growingpenstemon0000lind. Retrieved 30 May 2026.
- Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C. (1987) (in en-us). A Utah Flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, No. 9 (First ed.). Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University. OCLC 9986953694. https://archive.org/details/utahflora0000unse. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
Web sources
- Freeman, Craig C. (5 November 2020). "Penstemon laevis" (in en-us). p. 170. https://floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_laevis.
- NatureServe (1 May 2026). "Penstemon laevis" (in en). Arlington, Virginia. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.135200/.
- "Penstemon laevis". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. 2026. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PELA15.
- POWO (2026). "Penstemon laevis Pennell" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/187589-2.
External links
Wikidata ☰ {{{from}}} entry
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