Biology:Penstemon linarioides
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Short description: Plant species in the veronica family
| Penstemon linarioides | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Penstemon |
| Species: | P. linarioides
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| Binomial name | |
| Penstemon linarioides A.Gray
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| Varieties[1] | |
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Penstemon linarioides is a plant species in the genus Penstemon. Its common names include toadflax penstemon, toadflax beardtongue and Colorado narrowleaf beardtongue. It grows in Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Taxonomy
Penstemon linarioides was scientifically described in 1859 by Asa Gray. He placed the species in the genus Penstemon which is part of the Plantaginaceae family. It has four accepted varieties.[1]
- Penstemon linarioides var. coloradoensis – Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico[2]
- Penstemon linarioides var. linarioides – Baja California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora[3]
- Penstemon linarioides var. maguirei – Arizona and New Mexico[4]
- Penstemon linarioides var. sileri – Arizona, Nevada, and Utah[5]
It has eight synonyms of the species or one of its four varieties.({{{1}}}, {{{2}}})
| Name | Year | Rank | Synonym of: | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penstemon coloradoensis A.Nelson | 1899 | species | var. coloradoensis | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon coloradoensis subsp. sileri Pennell | 1920 | subspecies | var. coloradoensis | = het. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. coloradoensis (A.Nelson) D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | var. coloradoensis | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. compactifolius D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | var. linarioides | = het. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. maguirei D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | var. maguirei | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. sileri (A.Gray) D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | var. sileri | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. typicus D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | P. linarioides | ≡ hom., not validly publ. |
| Penstemon linarioides var. viridis D.D.Keck | 1937 | variety | var. sileri | = het. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym | ||||
Names
The species name, linarioides, means 'like toadflax' in Botanical Latin due to the similar leaf shape to some species in the genus Linaria.[6] Penstemon linarioides is known by the common names toadflax penstemon,[7] linarialeaf penstemon,[8] and narrowleaf penstemon.[8] It is also known as Colorado toadflax beardtongue and toadflax beardtongue.[6][9] It is sometimes called mat penstemon,[10] however Penstemon caespitosus is more typically known by this name.[11]
See also
References
Citations
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 POWO 2026a.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 POWO 2026b.
- ↑ POWO 2026c.
- ↑ POWO 2026d.
- ↑ POWO 2026e.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Heil et al. 2013, p. 721.
- ↑ NRCS 2026b.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Heflin 1997, p. 23.
- ↑ McDougall 1964, p. 202.
- ↑ Busco & Morin 2010, p. 246.
- ↑ NRCS 2026a.
Sources
Books
- Busco, Janice; Morin, Nancy R. (2010) (in en). Native Plants for High-Elevation Western Gardens (Second ed.). Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55591-740-1. OCLC 712591270. https://archive.org/details/nativeplantsforh0000busc. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- Heflin, Jean (1997) (in en). Penstemons : The Beautiful Beardtongues of New Mexico. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Jackrabbit Press. ISBN 978-0-9659693-0-7. OCLC 39050925. https://archive.org/details/penstemonsbeauti0000hefl. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- Heil, Kenneth D.; O'Kane, Steve L. Jr.; Reeves, Linda Mary; Clifford, Arnold (2013) (in en). Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah (First ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. ISBN 978-1-930723-84-9. OCLC 859541992. https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003888887. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- McDougall, W. B. (1964). Grand Canyon Wild Flowers: Seed Plants of Grand Canyon National Park. Flagstaff, Arizona: Museum of Northern Arizona. OCLC 1016860. https://archive.org/details/grandcanyonwildf0000wbmc. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
Web sources
- NatureServe (27 February 2026). "Penstemon linarioides" (in en). Arlington, Virginia. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.158661/.
- "Penstemon caespitosus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. 2026a. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PECA4.
- "Penstemon linarioides". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. 2026b. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PELI2.
- POWO (2026a). "Penstemon linarioides A.Gray" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/808177-1.
- POWO (2026b). "Penstemon linarioides var. coloradoensis (A.Nelson) C.C.Freeman" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/77162267-1.
- POWO (2026c). "Penstemon linarioides var. linarioides" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/77226337-1.
- POWO (2026d). "Penstemon linarioides var. maguirei (D.D.Keck) A.Nelson" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/187457-2.
- POWO (2026e). "Penstemon linarioides var. sileri A.Gray" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/187460-2.
External links
Wikidata ☰ {{{from}}} entry
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