Biology:Piperales
Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, the many Peperomias, pepper elder, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.[1] The two perianthless families Piperaceae and Saururaceae are mainly herbaceous plants possessing highly reduced flowers.[2][3]
Classification
APG system
In the APG IV system, of 2016, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:[4]
- order Piperales
- family Aristolochiaceae (including Asaraceae, Hydnoraceae and Lactoridaceae)
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
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| The current composition and phylogeny of the Piperales.[4][5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Aristolochiaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
Earlier systems
The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archichlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamydeae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Piperaceae
References
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Wikispecies has information related to Piperales |
- ↑ "Introduction to the Piperales". UC Berkeley. https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/paleoherbs/piperales.html#:~:text=The%20Piperales%20are%20a%20group,group%20are%20the%20flower%20clusters..
- ↑ Jaramillo, M. A.; Kramer, E. M. (2007). "Molecular evolution of the petal and stamen identity genes, APETALA3 and PISTILLATA, after petal loss in the Piperales". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2): 598–609. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.015. PMID 17576077. Bibcode: 2007MolPE..44..598J. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790307000929.
- ↑ Phylogenetic Relationships of the Perianthless Piperales: Reconstructing the Evolution of Floral Development
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
- ↑ Stevens, P.F.. "Piperales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/piperalesweb2.htm#Piperales.
<ref> tag with name "APG3" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.Template:Angiosperm orders Wikidata ☰ Q27287 entry
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