Biology:Platythecium

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Platythecium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It comprises 25 species.[1] Described in 2002 by the German lichenologist Bettina Staiger, these bark-dwelling lichens are found in humid, shaded forests across tropical and warm temperate regions worldwide. They are characterized by their flattened, plate-like fruiting structures with completely blackened walls and are sensitive to forest disturbance, making their presence an indicator of long-established woodland conditions.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2002 by the German lichenologist Bettina Staiger in her 2002 monographic treatment of the family Graphidaceae. Platythecium grammitis was assigned as the type species.[2]

Description

Platythecium produces a smooth, pale grey-green to yellow-olive crust (thallus) that embeds directly in the bark and lacks a true [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. Its fruit bodies are short to elongate [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] whose slate-black walls are completely [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]; the narrow slit is usually covered at first by a thin thalline veil that later breaks to reveal a flat, often faintly white-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] disc. Beneath the margin a colourless to pale brown [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] lines a clear, non-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] hymenium traversed by smooth paraphyses. Eight hyaline ascospores develop in each Graphis-type ascus; they become conspicuously [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]—divided by many transverse and a few longitudinal septa—but remain iodine-negative (I–) and generally measure 25–60 × 8–15 μm. Most species are chemically inert or contain only low amounts of stictic acid-series depsidones, a contrast to many anthraquinone-rich script lichens. [3]

The flattened, plate-like lirellae and pale excipulum distinguish Platythecium from superficially similar genera. In Glyphis and Hemithecium the discs stay narrow and the walls alone form the exposed edge, whereas Platygramme displays broader shields with a persistent thalline rim, and Kalbographa is set apart by its vivid orange to brick-red [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] produced by anthraquinones. [3]

Ecology

The genus is pantropical to warm-temperate in distribution, occurring on shaded boles and large branches in mature evergreen forests from Amazonia and West-Central Africa to Southeast Asia, northern Australia and the Atlantic Plain of North America. All species are corticolous and appear sensitive to prolonged canopy opening: they decline sharply after logging or edge creation, so their presence is a convenient field signal of long-established, humid woodland conditions. [3]

Species

As of June 2025, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept 25 species of Platythecium.[1]

  • Platythecium acutisporum Staiger (2002)[2]
  • Platythecium albolabiatum (Patw. & C.R.Kulk.) A.W.Archer (2007)[4]
  • Platythecium allosporellum (Nyl.) Staiger (2002)[2]
  • Platythecium annonacea (Müll.Arg.) A.W.Archer (2007)[4]
  • Platythecium biseptatum M.Cáceres, Aptroot & Lücking (2014)[5]
  • Platythecium commiscens Adaw. & Makhija (2005)[6]
  • Platythecium cristobalense (A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer (2007)[4]
  • Platythecium dimorphodes (Nyl.) Staiger (2002)[2]
  • Platythecium floridanum (Tuck.) Lendemer (2008)[7]
  • Platythecium grammitis (Fée) Staiger (2002)[2]
  • Platythecium hypoleptum (Nyl.) M.Nakan. & Kashiw. (2003)[8]
  • Platythecium inspersum Staiger (2002)[2]
  • Platythecium intortula (Stirt.) M.Nakan. & Kashiw. (2003)[8]
  • Platythecium leiogramma (Nyl.) Staiger (2002)[2]
  • Platythecium maximum (Groenh.) Z.F.Jia & Lücking (2017)[9]
  • Platythecium nothofagi (A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer (2009)[10]
  • Platythecium pertenellum (Stirt.) A.W.Archer (2005)
  • Platythecium pyrrhochroum (Mont. & Bosch) Z.F.Jia & Lücking (2017)[9]
  • Platythecium serpentinellum (Nyl.) Staiger (2002)[2]
  • Platythecium seychellense G.Neuwirth, Aptroot & Stock.-Wörg. (2017)[11]
  • Platythecium sphaerosporellum (Nyl.) Staiger (2002)[2]
  • Platythecium sripadakandense Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch (2014)[12] – Sri Lanka
  • Platythecium streimannii A.W.Archer (2009)[13]
  • Platythecium suberythrellum (M.Wirth & Hale) Staiger & Kalb (2004)[14]
  • Platythecium verrucoareolatum Adaw. & Makhija (2005)[6]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Platythecium". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6S6J. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Staiger; B. (2002) (in de). Die Flechtenfamilie Graphidaceae: Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 85. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer. ISBN 978-3-443-58064-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lücking, Robert; Rivas Plata, Eimy (2008). "Clave y guía ilustrada para géneros de Graphidaceae" (in es). GLALIA 1 (1): 1–39. https://archive.org/details/2008_Glalia_1_1. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Archer, A.W. (2007). "Key and checklist for the lichen family Graphidaceae (lichenised Ascomycota) in the Solomon Islands". Systematics and Biodiversity 5 (1): 9–22. doi:10.1017/S1477200006002040. 
  5. ↑ Cáceres, Marcela; Aptroot, André; Parnmen, Sittiporn; Lücking, Robert (2014). "Remarkable diversity of the lichen family Graphidaceae in the Amazon rain forest of Rondônia, Brazil". Phytotaxa 189 (1): 87–136 [119]. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287460701. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Adawadkar, B.; Makhija, U. (2005). "Some trans-septate species of the genera Hemithecium and Platythecium from India". Mycotaxon 92: 387–394. 
  7. ↑ Lendemer, J.C.; Knudsen, K. (2008). "Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi: further notes on North American taxa". Mycotaxon 103: 75–86. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Nakanishi, M.; Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H. (2003). "Taxonomical notes on Japanese Graphidaceae (Ascomycotina), including some new combinations". Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 29: 83–90. https://www.kahaku.go.jp/research/publication/botany/download/29-2/BNSM_B290204.pdf. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jia, Z.F.; Lücking, R. (2017). "Resolving the species of the lichen genus Graphina Müll. Arg. in China, with some new combinations". MycoKeys (25): 13–29. 
  10. ↑ Archer, A.W. (2009). "Platythecium nothofagi (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer, a new combination in the Australian Graphidaceae". Australasian Lichenology 65: 40–41. https://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/lichenlist/AL_65.pdf. 
  11. ↑ Neuwirth, G.; Aptroot, A.; Stocker-Wörgötter, E. (2017). "Platythecium seychellense, a new species in the family Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) from the Seychelles Islands and a world key to the genus". The Lichenologist 49 (1): 85–91. doi:10.1017/S002428291600061X. 
  12. ↑ Weerakoon, Gothamie; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2014). "Thirteen new species of Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Sri Lanka". Phytotaxa 189 (1): 331–347. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.24. 
  13. ↑ Archer, A.W. (2009). "Appendix. Graphidaceae.". Lichen 5. Flora of Australia. 57. Australian Biological Resources Study/CSIRO Publishing. pp. 651–652. ISBN 978-0-643-09664-6. 
  14. ↑ Kalb, K.; Staiger, B.; Elix, J.A. (2004). "A monograph of the lichen genus Diorygma – a first attempt". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 34 (1): 133–181 [178]. 

Wikidata ☰ Q7202856 entry



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