Biology:Polytminae

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Short description: Subfamily of birds

Polytminae
Anthracothorax nigricollis (Mango pechinegro) - Macho (16247043591).jpg
Black-throated mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis)
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Subfamily: Polytminae
Reichenbach, 1849
Genera

12, see text

Polytminae is one of the six subfamilies of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The subfamily contains 12 genera with a total of 29 species.

The informal name "mangoes" has been proposed for this group as the seven species in the largest genus, Anthracothorax, include "mango" in their common name.[1]

Taxonomy

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family consisted of nine clades.[2] When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they divided the nine clades into six subfamilies and proposed using the Latin name Polytminae for the "mango" clade, a name that had been introduced by Ludwig Reichenbach in 1849.[3][4]

Pre-molecular studies did not anticipate the existence of this clade, but a common feature is the presence of serrations on the cutting edge of the bill. An extreme example is the tooth-billed hummingbird (Androdon aequatorialis).[5]

Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds.[6][2][7] In the cladogram below, the English names are those introduced in 1997.[8] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.[9]

Trochilidae

Florisuginae – topazes

Phaethornithinae – hermits

Polytminae – mangoes

Lesbiinae

Heliantheini – brilliants

Lesbiini – coquettes

Patagoninae – giant hummingbird

Trochilinae

Lampornithini – mountain gems

Mellisugini – bees

Trochilini – emeralds

The phylogenetic relationships between the genera in the subfamily Polytminae, as determined in the 2014 study, are shown below. The genus Eulampis was found to be nested within Anthracothorax, making Anthracothorax paraphyletic.[5][6] No species from the genus Augastes was sampled in the molecular studies, but based on a comparison of plumage features and bill shapes, it is believed that Augastes is closely related to Schistes.[5]

Polytminae

Doryfera – lancebills

Schistes – daggerbills

Colibri – violetears

Heliactin – horned sungem

Androdon – tooth-billed hummingbird

Heliothryx – fairies

Polytmus – goldenthroats

Avocettula – fiery-tailed awlbill

Chrysolampis – ruby-topaz hummingbird

Anthracothorax and Eulampis – mangoes and caribs

Taxonomic list

The subfamily includes the following twelve genera:[10]

Image Genus Living species
Doryfera ludovicae.jpg Doryfera
Schistes geoffroyi (Pico de cuña) (22653616465).jpg Schistes
Beija-flor-de-gravata-verde (Augastes scutatus) (2).JPG Augastes
Sparkling Violet-ear.jpg Colibri
  • Brown violetear, Colibri delphinae
  • Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus
  • Lesser violetear, Colibri cyanotus
  • Sparkling violetear, Colibri coruscans
  • White-vented violetear, Colibri serrirostris
Tooth-billed Hummingbird.jpg Androdon
Haeckel - Heliactin bilophus.jpg Heliactin
Black-eared Fairy (Heliothryx aurita).jpg Heliothryx
Polytmus guainumbi-White-tailed Goldenthroat.jpg Polytmus
MonographTrochi3Goul 0348.jpg Avocettula
Ruby-topaz-hummingbird chrysolampis-mosquitus-7042-cr1.jpg Chrysolampis
Anthracothorax nigricollis (Mango pechinegro) - Macho (16247043591).jpg Anthracothorax
Purple-throated carib hummingbird.jpg Eulampis

References

  1. Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae)". Molecular Biology and Evolution 14 (3): 325–343. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767. PMID 9066799. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Altshuler, D.L.; Remsen, J.V. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy". Systematic Biology 56 (5): 837–856. doi:10.1080/10635150701656360. PMID 17934998. 
  3. Reichenbach, Ludwig (1849) (in German). Avium Systema Naturale. 1. Dresden and Leipzig: Friedrich Hofmeister. Plate XXXIX. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47618439. 
  4. Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 108.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Remsen, J.V.J.; Stiles, F.G.; Mcguire, J.A. (2015). "Classification of the Polytminae (Aves: Trochilidae)". Zootaxa 3957 (1): 143–150. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.13. PMID 26249062. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281821923. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078. 
  7. McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Remsen, J.V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2009). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds". Journal of Ornithology 150 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x. 
  8. Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae).". Molecular Biology and Evolution 14 (3): 325–343. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767. PMID 9066799. 
  9. Dickinson & Remsen 2013, pp. 105–136.
  10. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/. 

Sources

  • The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8. 

Wikidata ☰ Q16567148 entry