Biology:Porpidia macrocarpa
| Porpidia macrocarpa | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecideales |
| Family: | Lecideaceae |
| Genus: | Porpidia |
| Species: | P. macrocarpa
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| Binomial name | |
| Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab (1984)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Porpidia macrocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae.[3]
Taxonomy
It was formally described as a new species in 1805 by the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, who originally classified it in the genus Patellaria. It has a long and extensive taxonomic history, having been shuffled to many different genera, and having been described several times under different names by different authors.[2] In 1984, Hannes Hertel and Adolf Josef Schwab transferred it to the genus Porpidia,[4] and it has largely been referred to that name since.
Description
Porpidia macrocarpa is a crustose lichen with a variable thallus, typically appearing [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (embedded in the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) to thin and continuous, but it can sometimes be thicker and become cracked ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) or divided into small sections ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). The surface of the thallus is rough and web-like ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|subarachnoid]]) with a colour range from pale grey to greenish-grey. It frequently shows patches or continuous areas of orange to rust-red due to oxidation. The medulla (internal tissue) does not react to iodine (I–). The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (initial growth stage) is indistinct at the margins of immersed thalli but becomes wavy, black, and somewhat distinct at the margins of more superficial thalli.[5]
The apothecia (fruiting bodies) are up to 3 mm in diameter, usually [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (sitting directly on the thallus), abundant, and can be scattered or crowded together. They are constricted at the base with a thick, swollen [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (rim) that is persistent, black, shiny, and raised, ranging from entire to somewhat wavy ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). The hyphae (filamentous fungal cells) measure 3–9 μm in diameter. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] of the apothecia can be slightly concave to flat or convex, black or brown-black, with a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] or shiny finish, and sometimes covered with a grey powdery coating ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). Larger apothecia often appear to divide through the formation of secondary margins within the disc. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (upper layer of the hymenium) is pale brown to olive-brown, and the hymenium (spore-producing layer) measures 80–100 μm tall. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (layer below the hymenium) and inner exciple may show a reddish tinge when treated with potassium hydroxide solution (K+).[5]
The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are elongated, measuring 16–20 μm in length and 6–11.5 μm in width. The medulla reacts variably to chemical spot tests, sometimes showing a yellowish reaction with potassium hydroxide (K±) and an orange reaction with p-phenylenediamine (Pd±), indicating the presence of stictic and cryptostictic acids.[5]
Habitat and distribution
In Nepal, Porpidia macrocarpa has been reported from 2,950 to 4,000 m elevation in a compilation of published records.[6]
Species interactions
Lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi that have been recorded growing on Porpidia macrocarpa include Cecidonia xenophana, Endococcus propinquus, E. rugulosus, Muellerella pygmaea, and Sclerococcum australe.[5]
References
- ↑ NatureServe. "Porpidia macrocarpa" (in en). Arlington, Virginia. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1046995/.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab, in Hertel, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 79: 437 (1984)". Species Fungorum. https://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=107570.
- ↑ "Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/787J5.
- ↑ Hertel, Hannes (1984). "Über saxicole, lecideoide Flechten der Subantarktis" (in de). Beihefte Nova Hedwigia 79: 399–499.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Fryday, A.; Cannon, P.; Coppins, B.; Aptroot, A.; Sanderson, A.; Simkin, J. (2024). Lecideales, including Amygdalaria, Bellemerea, Bryobilimbia, Cecidonia, Clauzadea, Farnoldia, Immersaria, Koerberiella, Lecidea, Lecidoma, Porpidia, Porpidinia and Romjularia (Lecideaeae) and Lopadium (Lopadiaceae). Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 40. pp. 1–51. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Lecideales.pdf.
- ↑ Baniya, Chitra Bahadur; Solhøy, Torstein; Gauslaa, Yngvar; Palmer, Michael W. (2010). "The elevation gradient of lichen species richness in Nepal". The Lichenologist 42 (1): 83–96. doi:10.1017/S0024282909008627.
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