Biology:Progastricsin

Progastricsin also known as pepsinogen C or pepsinogen II is a pepsinogen precursor of the enzyme gastricsin that in humans is encoded by the PGC gene.

Function

Progastricsin is an aspartic proteinase that belongs to the peptidase family A1. The encoded protein is a digestive enzyme that is produced in the stomach and constitutes a major component of the gastric mucosa. This protein is also secreted into the serum. This protein is synthesized as an inactive zymogen that includes a highly basic prosegment. This enzyme is converted into its active mature form at low pH by sequential cleavage of the prosegment that is carried out by the enzyme itself.

Clinical significance

Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to gastric cancers. Serum levels of this enzyme are used as a biomarker for certain gastric diseases including Helicobacter pylori related gastritis.

See also

• Pepsinogen

Further reading

• "Mechanism of activation of the gastric aspartic proteinases: pepsinogen, progastricsin and prochymosin.". Biochem. J. 335 (3): 481–90. 1998. doi:10.1042/bj3350481. PMID 9794784. 
• "Isolation and characterization of a pepsin C zymogen produced by human breast tissues.". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (34): 24725–31. 1992. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)35824-1. PMID 1280267. 
• "Methylation and expression of human pepsinogen genes in normal tissues and their alteration in stomach cancer.". Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 82 (6): 686–92. 1991. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01904.x. PMID 1906854. 
• "A comparative study on the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences and some other properties of six isozymic forms of human pepsinogens and pepsins.". J. Biochem. 106 (5): 920–7. 1990. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122952. PMID 2515193. 
• "Gastric proteases in Barrett's esophagus.". Gastroenterology 93 (4): 774–8. 1987. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(87)90439-2. PMID 3305135. 
• "Human progastricsin. Analysis of intermediates during activation into gastricsin and determination of the amino acid sequence of the propart.". Eur. J. Biochem. 128 (1): 63–70. 1983. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06931.x. PMID 6816595. 
• "Crystal and molecular structures of human progastricsin at 1.62 A resolution.". J. Mol. Biol. 247 (3): 466–85. 1995. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.0154. PMID 7714902. 
• "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. 1994. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
• "Pepsinogen A and C serum levels in relation to acute NSAID-associated mucosal lesions in healthy volunteers.". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 28 (6): 557–60. 1993. doi:10.3109/00365529309098266. PMID 8322031. 
• "Purification of pepsinogens from human urine and electrophoretic analysis by caseogram print.". Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 39 (6): 1147–56. 1997. doi:10.1080/15216549600201332. PMID 8876968. 
• "Immunofluorometric assay of pepsinogen C and preliminary clinical applications.". Clin. Chem. 43 (8 Pt 1): 1365–71. 1997. doi:10.1093/clinchem/43.8.1365. PMID 9267315. 
• "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. 
• "Structural characterization of activation 'intermediate 2' on the pathway to human gastricsin.". Nat. Struct. Biol. 4 (12): 1010–5. 1998. doi:10.1038/nsb1297-1010. PMID 9406551. 
• "Helicobacter pylori genotypes influence serum pepsinogen C levels.". Helicobacter 2 (4): 172–5. 1998. doi:10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.tb00082.x. PMID 9421118. 
• "Expression and clinical significance of pepsinogen C in epithelial ovarian carcinomas.". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 104 (1): 58–63. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(01)00610-8. PMID 12128264. 
• "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.